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Extreme temperatures and mortality in 326 Latin American cities
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Extreme temperatures and mortality in 326 Latin American cities

Josiah L. Kephart, Brisa Sánchez, Jeff Moore, Leah H. Schinasi, Xavier Delclòs Alió, Maryia Bakhtsiyarava, Nelson Gouveia, Waleska T. Caiaffa, Iryna Dronova, Saravanan Arunachalam, …
Environmental health perspectives. Supplements, v 2021(1)
23 Aug 2021
url
https://doi.org/10.1289/isee.2021.p-658View
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open
url
https://doi.org/10.1289/isee.2021.P-658View
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open

Abstract

temperature heat cold Climate Change Latin America Urban Health
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Despite well-documented temperature-mortality impacts in North America, Europe, and China, few studies have examined the impact of extreme temperatures on health on a multinational level in Latin America. This study aims to characterize the impacts of ambient heat and cold on all-cause mortality in a large sample of cities across Latin America. METHODS: We estimated population-weighted daily mean ambient temperature for each city using the ERA5-Land climate reanalysis with ~9 km horizontal grid resolution. For each city, we constructed a time series of daily all-cause mortality counts using individual-level mortality records. We used distributed lag (0-21 days) nonlinear conditional Poisson models to estimate city-specific associations between daily temperatures above (“heat”) and below (“cold”) the city-specific minimum mortality temperature and all-cause mortality, overall and stratified by age (0-49, 50-64, and 65+ years). We combined city-specific estimates using a random effects meta-analysis to estimate the attributable fraction (AF) of total deaths from heat or cold. RESULTS: We analyzed 326 cities with ≥100,000 residents from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, and Peru over 4-14 years between 2002-2015. The AF of total deaths from heat was 0.67% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58% to 0.74%). The AF of total deaths from cold was 5.09% (95% CI 4.64% to 5.47%). AFs from heat and cold were particularly high among individuals aged 65+ years: 0.81% (95% CI 0.75% to 0.86%) and 6.82% (95% CI 6.41% to 7.18%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In Latin American cities, a substantial proportion of deaths are attributable to extreme temperatures. Older populations are particularly vulnerable. Within Latin America’s intertwined 21st century challenges of climate change, high urbanization, and a rapidly increasing number of individuals aged 65 years or older, policy makers in these settings must prioritize actions to prevent present and future health risks of extreme temperatures.

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