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Green states and social movements: environmentalism in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and Norway
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Green states and social movements: environmentalism in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and Norway

John S. Dryzek, David Downes, Christian Hunold, David Schlosberg, Hans-Kristian Hernes and Oxford University Press
2003

Abstract

89.62 political movements bisacsh:POL011000 Democracy Ecological modernization Environmental movements Environmental policy Environmental Politics Environmental risks Environmentalism Germany Green movement Green parties Green state Groenen Interest representation Legitimation Nachhaltigkeit Norway Ökologische Bewegung Political Behaviour Political Science / International Relations Public Policy Public sphere Social movements States U.S.A Umweltbewusstsein United Kingdom
Social movements take shape in relation to the kind of state they face, while over time states are transformed by the movements that they both incorporate and resist. Green States and Social Movements is a comparative study of the environmental movement's successes and failures in four very different states: the USA, UK, Germany and Norway. The history covers the entire sweep of the modern environmental era that begins in 1970. The end in view is a greentransformation of the state and society on a par with earlier transformations that gave us first the liberal capitalist state and then the welfare state. The authors explain why such a transformation is now most likely in Germany, and why it is least likely in the United States, which has lost the status ofenvironmental pioneer that it gained in the early 1970s. Their comparative analysis also explains the role played by social movements in making modern societies more deeply democratic, and yields insights into the strategic choices of environmental movements as they decide on what terms to engage, enter or resist the state. Sometimes it makes sense for a movement to act conventionally, as a green party or set of interest groups. But sometimes inclusion can mean co-optation, in which case amovement can instead emphasize action in and through civil society.

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