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Blood and Clotting
Book chapter

Blood and Clotting

Allison Rusgo, Megan E. Schneider, Daniela C Livingston and Patrick C Auth
Advanced physiology and pathophysiology: essentials for clinical practice, pp 241-277
Mar 2021

Abstract

Pathologic Processes Physiological Phenomena Physiology, Pathological Physiology
This chapter focuses on red blood cells in health and disease and the processes of blood clotting. It discusses the general concept of anemia and the principles underlying the different forms of anemia that provides the foundation for developing differential diagnoses in patients with suspected anemia based on clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings. The chapter describes the process of hemostasis, focusing on the complementary roles of platelets and coagulation factors, as well as relevant laboratory assessments. This underpins the subsequent discussion of thromboembolic states; pathophysiological and genetic causes of states of excess clotting and excess bleeding. Life span considerations include the unique changes in red blood cell size and number in the perinatal period, and the bone marrow–related changes of older adults. Finally the chapter provides the pediatric considerations, gerontological considerations, case studies, bridge to clinical practice, key points, and key disorders.

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