Book chapter
Chapter 79 - Deep Brain Stimulation for Obesity
Neuromodulation, pp 959-966
2009
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the possibilities of using deep brain simulation (DBS) for treating obesity. The hypothalamus is the main regulator of central autonomic activity and also plays a key role in hormonal regulation and emotional activity via the limbic system. The hormones leptin and insulin are both regarded as adiposity signals as they circulate in the blood at levels proportional to body fat. Their administration causes a decrease in food intake and body weight, while their deficiency leads to hyperphagia. Higher circulating levels of leptin and insulin stimulate neurons in the arcuate nucleus to release proopiomelanocortin, which is subsequently enzymatically cleaved to yield α-melanocyte stimulating hormone, which inhibits feeding and increases energy expenditure. At the same time, leptin and insulin suppress the activity of neurons containing agouti-related protein and neuropeptide Y, both of which stimulate feeding and reduce energy expenditure. Studies of humans with hypothalamic insults have shown that hormonal alterations and decreased activity levels could contribute to weight gain. Weight adjustment can potentially be achieved by DBS of the lateral hypothalamus through a combination of intake control, urge control, and metabolism modulation. In this manner, the predetermined energy set point can potentially be readjusted, something that no present treatment, including gastric bypass surgery, can accomplish. The nucleus accumbens is another potential target in the hypothalamus, as this associated with reward behavior and the palatability of foods. It has been proposed that DBS stimulation in this area may modulate dietary preferences and consumption through reward sensation, potentially leading to weight control through better dietary choices.
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Details
- Title
- Chapter 79 - Deep Brain Stimulation for Obesity
- Creators
- Michael Y. OhDavid B. CohenDonald M. Whiting
- Publication Details
- Neuromodulation, pp 959-966
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Resource Type
- Book chapter
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- SOM Dean - Research Administration
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000322479800090
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-84882840088
- Other Identifier
- 991021448175304721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Anesthesiology
- Clinical Neurology
- Rehabilitation