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Chemical and Electrochemical Intercalation of Ions and Molecules into MXenes
Book chapter

Chemical and Electrochemical Intercalation of Ions and Molecules into MXenes

Michael Ghidiu, Michael Naguib and Michel W. Barsoum
2D Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes)
31 Oct 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19026-2_10

Abstract

Intercalation Ions Properties Structure Tuning Water
MXenes have hydrophilic interlayer spaces that can accommodate a large variety of intercalants. These are typically molecules such as H2O or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or ions such as metal or ammonium cations. This chapter summarizes the body of literature that has explored exactly what compositions of intercalants have been studied, the nature and extent of the intercalation process, and the effects on structure of the MXenes and resulting changes to properties. This is of special interest due to MXene’s use in applications and devices involving electrochemical ion intercalation.Alkali, alkaline earth, transition metal, and alkylammonium (AA) cations are reviewed in-depth. The first three groups lead to co-intercalation with H2O molecules dependent upon environmental relative humidity, leading to reversible expansion of the basal spacing. The latter leads to a wide range of changes in basal spacing as a function of the structure and packing of the alkylammonium cations. Both chemical and electrochemical intercalation is discussed, and the material property changes that result are highlighted, ranging from electrical conductivity to mechanical properties.

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