Book chapter
From Bright's Disease to Chronic Kidney Disease
pp 9-22
01 Jan 2020
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
In the 1820s and 1830s, Richard Bright of Guy's Hospital in London showed that dropsy (edema) when associated with heat-coagulable urine (albuminuria) predicted one or another form of pathologically altered kidneys at autopsy. His first cases were of hospitalized patients, but he later recognized and described indolent cases, what we would call chronic disease. Subsequent pathologists created classification schemes for chronic renal disease. In the late 19th century, a movement called "functional diagnosis" turned attention to the kidney's "power" in health and disease, using tests of excretion and concentration. Here arose terms such as "chronic renal failure," which persisted into the 1990s. The notion of renal "work" led to attempts to "rest" the presumably overworking nephrons of impaired kidneys with the low-protein diet. Key figures were Thomas Addis in the 1920e1940s and Barry Brenner in the later decades of the 20th century. Meanwhile, clinicians identified various causes of chronic kidney disease, only in recent decades including diabetes. Treatment from Bright's time onward aimed at reducing symptoms, such as edema, until concepts of hyperfiltration and the injurious effects of proteinuria prompted therapies (beyond diet) aimed at slowing progression. With a sense that the course of chronic renal disease if identified early might be favorably influenced (particularly by inhibition of the renal-angiotensin-aldosterone axis), nephrologists in the US and elsewhere through their organizations effected changes in nomenclature (e.g., "kidney" not "renal") and other measures to demystify and raise awareness of kidney disease. The hope was that earlier detection might allow interventions to slow progression and thus avoid or delay the need for renal replacement therapy.
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Details
- Title
- From Bright's Disease to Chronic Kidney Disease
- Creators
- Steven J. Peitzman - Drexel University
- Contributors
- P L Kimmel (Editor)M E Rosenberg (Editor)
- Publication Details
- pp 9-22
- Publisher
- Elsevier; LONDON
- Number of pages
- 14
- Resource Type
- Book chapter
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- MD (Doctor of Medicine) Program
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000489824100003
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85137552926
- Other Identifier
- 991019167323404721
UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
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InCites Highlights
Data related to this publication, from InCites Benchmarking & Analytics tool:
- Web of Science research areas
- Urology & Nephrology