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Hemodynamics and Heart Failure
Book chapter

Hemodynamics and Heart Failure

Gary S. Ledley, Shahzad Ahmed, Haile Jones, Steven J. Rough and Peter Kurnik
Heart Failure I: A Comprehensive Guide to Pathophysiology and Clinical Care, pp 21-37
01 Jan 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-12626-9_2

Abstract

Cardiac Index Cardiac output Congestive heart failure Constrictive pericarditis Diastolic dysfunction Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure Restrictive cardiomyopathy Swan Ganz catheterization Systolic dysfunction Hemodynamics
Every year in the United States, there are approximately 550,000 newly diagnosed heart failure patients. Five million patients suffer from chronic heart failure. Acute heart failure exacerbation is the leading cause for hospitalization in Medicare patients over the age of 65. A fundamental understanding in the definition, etiology, pathophysiology and hemodynamics has led to advances in treatments. The complete definition of heart failure is not confined solely to the heart, but involves a complex interplay between the heart and other organs. Definitions in heart failure have mainly focused on impaired pump function and clinical manifestations of venous congestion. Katz (2009) states “heart failure is a clinical syndrome in which heart disease reduces cardiac output, increases venous pressures, and is accompanied by molecular and other abnormalities that cause progressive deterioration of the failing heart” (Katz, Heart failure: pathophysiology, molecular biology, and clinical management, 2nd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2009).

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