Book chapter
MXene Sorbents for Removal of Urea from Dialysate: A Step toward the Wearable Artificial Kidney
MXenes, pp 875-901
2023
Abstract
The wearable artificial kidney can deliver continuous ambulatory dialysis for more than 3 million patients with end-stage renal disease. However, the efficient removal of urea is a key challenge in miniaturizing the device and making it light and small enough for practical use. Here, we show that two-dimensional titanium carbide (MXene) with the composition of Ti3C2T
x
, where T
x
represents surface termination groups such as -OH, -O-, and -F, can adsorb urea, reaching 99% removal efficiency from aqueous solution and 94% from dialysate at the initial urea concentration of 30 mg/dL, with the maximum urea adsorption capacity of 10.4 mg/g at room temperature. When tested at 37 °C, we achieved a 2-fold increase in urea removal efficiency from dialysate, with the maximum urea adsorption capacity of 21.7 mg/g. Ti3C2T
x
showed good hemocompatibility; it did not induce cell apoptosis or reduce the metabolizing cell fraction, indicating no impact on cell viability at concentrations of up to 200 μg/mL. The biocompatibility of Ti3C2T
x
and its selectivity for urea adsorption from dialysate open a new opportunity in designing a miniaturized dialysate regeneration system for a wearable artificial kidney.
Metrics
25 Record Views
Details
- Title
- MXene Sorbents for Removal of Urea from Dialysate: A Step toward the Wearable Artificial Kidney
- Creators
- Fayan MengMykola SeredychChi ChenVictor GuraSergey MikhalovskySusan SandemanGanesh IngavleTochukwu OzulumbaLing MiaoBabak AnasoriYury Gogotsi
- Contributors
- Yury Gogotsi (Editor)
- Publication Details
- MXenes, pp 875-901
- Publisher
- Jenny Stanford Publishing
- Number of pages
- 27
- Resource Type
- Book chapter
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Other Identifier
- 991020595416904721