Book chapter
Orexin/Hypocretin System: Role in Food and Drug Overconsumption
pp 199-237
01 Jan 2017
PMID: 29056152
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
The neuropeptide orexin/hypocretin (OX), while largely transcribed within the hypothalamus, is released throughout the brain to affect complex behaviors. Primarily through the hypothalamus itself, OX homeostatically regulates adaptive behaviors needed for survival, including food intake, sleep-wake regulation, mating, and maternal behavior. However, through extrahypothalamic limbic brain regions, OX promotes seeking and intake of rewarding substances of abuse, like palatable food, alcohol, nicotine, and cocaine. This neuropeptide, in turn, is stimulated by the intake of or early life exposure to these substances, forming a nonhomeostatic, positive feedback loop. The specific OX receptor involved in these behaviors, whether adaptive behavior or substance seeking and intake, is dependent on the particular brain region that contributes to them. Thus, we propose that, while the primary function of OX is to maintain arousal for the performance of adaptive behaviors, this neuropeptide system is readily co-opted by rewarding substances that involve positive feedback, ultimately promoting their abuse.
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Details
- Title
- Orexin/Hypocretin System: Role in Food and Drug Overconsumption
- Creators
- Jessica R. Barson - Drexel UniversitySarah F. Leibowitz - Rockefeller Univ, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA
- Contributors
- T E Thiele (Editor)
- Publication Details
- pp 199-237
- Series
- International Review of Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier; SAN DIEGO
- Number of pages
- 39
- Grant note
- R00AA021782 / NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism (NIAAA) R00 AA021782; R01 AA024798 / NIAAA NIH HHS; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism (NIAAA)
- Resource Type
- Book chapter
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Neurobiology and Anatomy
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000414552600009
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85027163579
- Other Identifier
- 991019168412204721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Neurosciences