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Pediatric Olecranon Fractures
Book chapter

Pediatric Olecranon Fractures

Nicholas Grimm and Martin J. Herman
Pediatric Elbow Fractures
11 Oct 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68004-0_11

Abstract

Evans and Graham classification Interfragmentary screw fixation Matthews classification Pediatric olecranon fracture Physeal avulsion fractures Short oblique fracture Single-screw fixation Tension band/tension suture technique
Pediatric olecranon fractures are relatively rare, accounting for only 5% of all childhood elbow fractures. The majority of patients are between 5 and 10 years of age with approximately 65% being young males. The most common mechanism of injury involves a fall onto either an outstretched hand or a flexed elbow. In a small group of patients, such as those with osteogenesis imperfecta, pathologic olecranon fractures may occur. With the exception of injuries in young children with incomplete ossification of the olecranon apophysis, most olecranon fractures are diagnosed on radiographs. It is important to rule out concomitant injuries when viewing initial radiographs, as anywhere from 14 to 77% of olecranon fractures are associated with an additional fracture in the distal humerus or radius, either proximally or in the diaphysis. Non-displaced olecranon fractures heal with cast immobilization. Fractures with displacement greater than 2 mm generally require operative intervention, the manner of which is dictated by the location of the fracture and the fracture pattern. Outcomes are favorable in most patients treated both surgically and nonsurgically. This chapter will describe the evaluation, treatment, and outcomes of children and adolescents with olecranon fractures. Fractures of the proximal ulna are associated with radiocapitellar joint dislocation or subluxation (Monteggia lesions) and are discussed elsewhere in this text.

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