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Rainwater harvesting: using urban roof runoff for residential toilet flushing
Book chapter

Rainwater harvesting: using urban roof runoff for residential toilet flushing

N. Rostad and F. Montalto
Metropolitan Sustainability: Understanding and Improving the Urban Environment, pp 350-369
01 Jan 2012

Abstract

Energy & Fuels Engineering Engineering, Civil Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Science & Technology Technology
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) practices are receiving increased attention from urban water managers as a means of potentially reducing potable water consumption. By using rainwater harvested from urban catchments for a variety of non-potable water uses, the quantity of water extracted from source water watersheds can be reduced, with potential ecological, economic and even social benefits. In this context, RWH can be a key component of efforts to promote metropolitan sustainability. This chapter examines the reliability with which roof runoff - harvested, stored and used for toilet flushing, can reduce residential potable water consumption. The focus is on roof runoff as opposed to other sources, due to the proliferation of rooftops in metropolitan areas and the relative ease with which these sources can be accessed. Analysis is performed using the Storage and Reliability Estimation Tool (SARET) and results for four US cities are compared. Reliability contours are generated that allow visualization of gradients in long-term reliability. The analysis indicates that residential toilet flushing demand could be met with 50-94% reliability, the range being determined by differences in per capita demand, roof area and precipitation patterns. The results are discussed with respect to the assumption of stationary precipitation patterns, the algorithm used by the model to develop the reliability ensembles, the assumed initial condition of the simulations and other differences between the metropolitan areas studied.

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14 Record Views
5 citations in Scopus

Details

UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This publication has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:

#6 Clean Water and Sanitation
#13 Climate Action
#3 Good Health and Well-Being
#2 Zero Hunger
#14 Life Below Water
#9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
#11 Sustainable Cities and Communities

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Web of Science research areas
Energy & Fuels
Engineering, Civil
Environmental Sciences
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