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Stroke
Book chapter

Stroke

Sujata K. Bhatia
Biomaterials for Clinical Applications
20 Aug 2010

Abstract

Hemorrhagic Stroke Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Ischemic Stroke Polylactic Acid Stroke Patient
Stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases are the second leading cause of death worldwide. In 2004, strokestroke and cerebrovascular disease were responsible for 5.7 million deaths, or 9.7% of all deaths globally and 4.2% of all years of life lost (World Health OrganizationWorld Health Organization 2008). Cerebrovascular syndromes are highly prevalent, as evidenced by the worldwide population of stroke survivors. At any given time, there are 30.7 million survivors of stroke around the globe. Of these survivors, 12.6 million worldwide suffer moderate to severe disability as a result of stroke; such disabilities include loss of mobility, impaired speech, and cognitive problems. Each year, 9 million individuals worldwide experience a first-ever stroke (World Health Organization 2008). Acute mortality following a stroke is high: approximately 15% of patients die shortly after a stroke. Another 40% experience moderate to severe impairments that require special rehabilitative care, and 10% require care in a nursing home or other long-term care facility. About 25% recover with minor impairments, and only 10% of stroke patients recover completely (National Stroke Association 2002). Long-term mortality following a stroke is also significant: about a quarter of stroke patients are dead within a month, about a third by 6 months, and half by 1 year (Hankey et al. 2000). Immediate medical and surgical interventions are required to treat the patient experiencing an acute stroke, to maximize survival, and to minimize long-term consequences. Aggressive rehabilitation is typically applied to help patients recover from the chronic sequelae of stroke. The disease takes a physical and emotional toll on those it strikes, because survivors experience frustration and difficulty adapting to new limitations. There is hope that the prognosis for stroke sufferers will improve, as novel biomaterials are now emerging for brain imagingbrain imaging and nerve regenerationnerve regeneration that will address both the acute and chronic effects of cerebrovascular disease.

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UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This publication has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:

#3 Good Health and Well-Being

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Web of Science research areas
Materials Science, Biomaterials
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