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The Juvenile Justice System in The United States: History Relevant to Disposition, Transfer, and Reverse Transfer
Book chapter

The Juvenile Justice System in The United States: History Relevant to Disposition, Transfer, and Reverse Transfer

Kirk Heilbrun, David DeMatteo, Christopher King and Sarah Filone
Evaluating Juvenile Transfer and Disposition
2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315661445-1

Abstract

Forensic Mental Health Juvenile Justice System Forensic Evaluations Juvenile System Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care Behavioral Health Symptoms Juvenile Justice Behavioral Health Disorders Status Offenders Juvenile Evaluations Forensic Mental Health Evaluators Juvenile Court Forensic Mental Health Assessment Forensic Mental Health Professionals Juvenile Transfer Juvenile Law Center Judicial Waiver Reverse Transfer Behavioral Health Services Legal Decision Makers Recent United States Supreme Court Status Offense Cases Clinical Forensic Evaluation Juvenile Disposition Forensic Evaluators
Mental health professionals in the early twentieth century served newly-developed juvenile courts by offering holistic and multidisciplinary evaluations of youths that were consistent with the era's broad and exclusive focus on rehabilitation. Models including risk, and needs that are relevant to both criminality and behavioral health, have been usefully applied to the core questions in disposition and transfer. This chapter focuses on the aspects of juvenile justice history providing the most important context for juvenile disposition and transfer evaluations. It then shows how the juvenile system developed as a separate entity from the criminal justice system and how its major goals have shifted over time, and where the system now stands on disposition, transfer, and reverse transfer. Youth are considered differently than adults in many areas of the law. The problem of continuing racial and ethnic bias in the juvenile justice system is troubling.

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