Logo image
Transformation in Prokaryotes
Book chapter

Transformation in Prokaryotes

Joshua C. Mell, Sunita Sinha and Rosemary J. Redfield
Reference Module in Life Sciences
2017

Abstract

Competence DNA uptake Electroporation Homologous recombination Horizontal gene transfer Plasmid Transformation Type IV pilus
Cells that are able to take up DNA from their surroundings are said to be competent, and when this DNA uptake changes the cell’s genotype, the cell is said to have been transformed. Many bacteria and archaea are naturally competent, with genetically-specified machinery for transporting DNA across the cell envelope. However, cells typically express this ability only under specific conditions, in response to regulatory signals that are different for different species. Bacterial and archaeal cells can also be made artificially competent by chemical or electrical treatments that allow transformation by temporarily making the cell membrane permeable to DNA. Competence and transformation are important both in the laboratory, because they make possible genetic analysis and engineering, and in nature, because the new alleles cells obtain can increase their fitness.

Metrics

10 Record Views

Details

Logo image