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Review
Human mini brains and spinal cords in a dish: Modeling strategies, current challenges, and prospective advances
Journal of Tissue Engineering, v 13, pp 20417314221113391-20417314221113391
21 Jul 2022
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Engineered three-dimensional (3D) in vitro and ex vivo neural tissues, also known as “mini brains and spinal cords in a dish,” can be derived from different types of human stem cells via several differentiation protocols. In general, human mini brains are micro-scale physiological systems consisting of mixed populations of neural progenitor cells, glial cells, and neurons that may represent key features of human brain anatomy and function. To date, these specialized 3D tissue structures can be characterized into spheroids, organoids, assembloids, organ-on-a-chip and their various combinations based on generation procedures and cellular components. These 3D CNS models incorporate complex cell-cell interactions and play an essential role in bridging the gap between two-dimensional human neuroglial cultures and animal models. Indeed, they provide an innovative platform for disease modeling and therapeutic cell replacement, especially shedding light on the potential to realize personalized medicine for neurological disorders when combined with the revolutionary human induced pluripotent stem cell technology. In this review, we highlight human 3D CNS models developed from a variety of experimental strategies, emphasize their advances and remaining challenges, evaluate their state-of-the-art applications in recapitulating crucial phenotypic aspects of many CNS diseases, and discuss the role of contemporary technologies in the prospective improvement of their composition, consistency, complexity, and maturation.
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Details
- Title
- Human mini brains and spinal cords in a dish: Modeling strategies, current challenges, and prospective advances
- Creators
- Simeon Kofman - Drexel UniversityNeha Mohan - Drexel UniversityXiaohuan Sun - Drexel UniversityLarisa Ibric - Drexel UniversityEmanuela Piermarini - Drexel UniversityLiang Qiang - Drexel University
- Publication Details
- Journal of Tissue Engineering, v 13, pp 20417314221113391-20417314221113391
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications; London, England
- Grant note
- Research Grant / Spastic Paraplegia Foundation (https://doi.org/10.13039/100017026) Research Grant / Lisa Dean Moseley Foundation (https://doi.org/10.13039/100016935) 4100083087 / pennsylvania department of health (https://doi.org/10.13039/100004897) R01NS115977 / National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (https://doi.org/10.13039/100000065) Commonwealth Universal Research Enhancement (CURE)
- Resource Type
- Review
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Neurobiology and Anatomy; Pharmacology and Physiology; School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000834481300001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85134881302
- Other Identifier
- 991019168231204721
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- Web of Science research areas
- Cell & Tissue Engineering