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A practical correlation for axial strain at failure in drained triaxial compression of sands
Conference proceeding

A practical correlation for axial strain at failure in drained triaxial compression of sands

Miguel A. Pando and Youngjin Park
Geo-Congress 2026: Soil Properties, Modeling, and Computational Geomechanics - Selected papers from Geo-Congress 2026, pp 250-260
2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784486719.025

Abstract

This paper examines the axial strain at failure in sands as a practical parameter for estimating settlement of geostructures on sands. We compile and synthesize consolidated–drained (CD) triaxial test data to report axial strain at failure across a wide range of sands. Failure is defined as peak or a limiting axial strain of 15%, whichever occurs first. Based on the compiled data, we propose a simplified correlation to estimate axial failure strain based on the initial state of the sample defined by its relative density and initial effective stress level. The correlation captures first-order trends but exhibits notable variability due to the combination of sands of different types and characteristics. However, the correlation can be used for preliminary estimates. The paper also proposes an approach to estimate the secant stiffness of sands based on Dr and initial effective stress level that can be used to estimate preliminary predictions of short-term settlements in soil–structure interaction problems under static conditions.

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