Update on the Combined Analysis of Muon Measurements from Nine Air Shower Experiments

Dennis Soldin; Yu A. Fomin; N. N. Kalmykov; I. S. Karpikov; G. V. Kulikov; M. Yu Kuznetsov; G. I. Rubtsov; V. P. Sulakov; S. V. Troitsky; R. Abbasi; M. Ackermann; J. Adams; J. A. Aguilar; M. Ahlers; M. Ahrens; C. Alispach; A. A. Alves; N. M. Amin; R. An; K. Andeen; T. Anderson; G. Anton; C. Argüelles; Y. Ashida; S. Axani; X. Bai; A. V. Balagopal; A. Barbano; S. W. Barwick; B. Bastian; V. Basu; S. Baur; R. Bay; J. J. Beatty; K. H. Becker; J. Becker Tjus; C. Bellenghi; S. BenZvi; D. Berley; E. Bernardini; D. Z. Besson; G. Binder; D. Bindig; E. Blaufuss; S. Blot; M. Boddenberg; F. Bontempo; J. Borowka; S. Böser; O. Botner; J. Böttcher; E. Bourbeau; F. Bradascio; J. Braun; S. Bron; J. Brostean-Kaiser; S. Browne; A. Burgman; R. T. Burley; R. S. Busse; M. A. Campana; E. G. Carnie-Bronca; C. Chen; D. Chirkin; K. Choi; B. A. Clark; K. Clark; L. Classen; A. Coleman; G. H. Collin; J. M. Conrad; P. Coppin; P. Correa; D. F. Cowen; R. Cross; C. Dappen; P. Dave; C. De Clercq; J. J. DeLaunay; H. Dembinski; K. Deoskar; S. De Ridder; A. Desai; P. Desiati; K. D. de Vries; G. de Wasseige; M. de With; T. DeYoung; S. Dharani; A. Diaz; J. C. Díaz-Vélez; M. Dittmer; H. Dujmovic; M. Dunkman; M. A. DuVernois; E. Dvorak; T. Ehrhardt; P. Eller; R. Engel; H. Erpenbeck

doi:10.22323/1.395.0349

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Update on the Combined Analysis of Muon Measurements from Nine Air Shower Experiments

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Update on the Combined Analysis of Muon Measurements from Nine Air Shower Experiments

Dennis Soldin, Yu A. Fomin, N. N. Kalmykov, I. S. Karpikov, G. V. Kulikov, M. Yu Kuznetsov, G. I. Rubtsov, V. P. Sulakov, S. V. Troitsky, R. Abbasi, …

Pos : proceedings of science, v 395, 349

18 Mar 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.0349

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Abstract

Over the last two decades, various experiments have measured muon densities in extensive air showers over several orders of magnitude in primary energy. While some experiments observed differences in the muon densities between simulated and experimentally measured air showers, others reported no discrepancies. We will present an update of the meta-analysis of muon measurements from nine air shower experiments, covering shower energies between a few PeV and tens of EeV and muon threshold energies from a few 100 MeV to about 10 GeV. In order to compare measurements from different experiments, their energy scale was cross-calibrated and the experimental data has been compared using a universal reference scale based on air shower simulations. Above 10 PeV, we find a muon excess with respect to simulations for all hadronic interaction models, which is increasing with shower energy. For EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04 the significance of the slope of the increase is analyzed in detail under different assumptions of the individual experimental uncertainties.

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Title: Update on the Combined Analysis of Muon Measurements from Nine Air Shower Experiments
Creators: Dennis Soldin - University of Delaware
Yu A. Fomin - Lomonosov Moscow State University
N. N. Kalmykov - Lomonosov Moscow State University
I. S. Karpikov - Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
G. V. Kulikov - Lomonosov Moscow State University
M. Yu Kuznetsov - Université Libre de Bruxelles
G. I. Rubtsov - Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
V. P. Sulakov - Lomonosov Moscow State University
S. V. Troitsky - Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
R. Abbasi - Loyola University Chicago
M. Ackermann - DESY, Zeuthen, Germany
J. Adams - University of Canterbury
J. A. Aguilar - Université Libre de Bruxelles
M. Ahlers - University of Copenhagen
M. Ahrens - Stockholm University
C. Alispach - Département de Physique Nucléaire
A. A. Alves - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
N. M. Amin - University of Delaware
R. An - Harvard University
K. Andeen - Marquette University
T. Anderson - Pennsylvania State University
G. Anton - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
C. Argüelles - Harvard University
Y. Ashida - Dept. of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
S. Axani - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
X. Bai - South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
A. V. Balagopal - Dept. of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
A. Barbano - Département de Physique Nucléaire
S. W. Barwick - University of California, Irvine
B. Bastian - DESY, Zeuthen, Germany
V. Basu - Dept. of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
S. Baur - Université Libre de Bruxelles
R. Bay - University of California, Berkeley
J. J. Beatty - The Ohio State University
K. H. Becker - Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
J. Becker Tjus - Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
C. Bellenghi - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
S. BenZvi - University of Rochester
D. Berley - University of Maryland, College Park
E. Bernardini - Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
D. Z. Besson - National Research Nuclear University, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI), Moscow, Russian Federation
G. Binder - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
D. Bindig - University of Wuppertal
E. Blaufuss - University of Maryland, College Park
S. Blot - DESY, Zeuthen, Germany
M. Boddenberg - RWTH Aachen University
F. Bontempo - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
J. Borowka - RWTH Aachen University
S. Böser - Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
O. Botner - Uppsala University
J. Böttcher - RWTH Aachen University
E. Bourbeau - University of Copenhagen
F. Bradascio - DESY, Zeuthen, Germany
J. Braun - Dept. of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
S. Bron - Département de Physique Nucléaire
J. Brostean-Kaiser - DESY, Zeuthen, Germany
S. Browne - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
A. Burgman - Uppsala University
R. T. Burley - Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
R. S. Busse - University of Münster
M. A. Campana - Dept. of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
E. G. Carnie-Bronca - The University of Adelaide
C. Chen - Georgia Institute of Technology
D. Chirkin - Dept. of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
K. Choi - Sungkyunkwan University
B. A. Clark - Michigan State University
K. Clark - Queen's University
L. Classen - University of Münster
A. Coleman - University of Delaware
G. H. Collin - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
J. M. Conrad - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
P. Coppin - Vrije Universiteit Brussel
P. Correa - Vrije Universiteit Brussel
D. F. Cowen - Pennsylvania State University
R. Cross - University of Rochester
C. Dappen - RWTH Aachen University
P. Dave - Georgia Institute of Technology
C. De Clercq - Vrije Universiteit Brussel
J. J. DeLaunay - Pennsylvania State University
H. Dembinski - University of Delaware
K. Deoskar - Stockholm University
S. De Ridder - Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
A. Desai - Dept. of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
P. Desiati - Dept. of Physics, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
K. D. de Vries - Vrije Universiteit Brussel
G. de Wasseige - Vrije Universiteit Brussel
M. de With - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
T. DeYoung - Michigan State University
S. Dharani - RWTH Aachen University
A. Diaz - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
J. C. Díaz-Vélez - University of Wisconsin–Madison
M. Dittmer - University of Münster
H. Dujmovic - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
M. Dunkman - Pennsylvania State University
M. A. DuVernois - University of Wisconsin–Madison
E. Dvorak - South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
T. Ehrhardt - Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
P. Eller - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
R. Engel - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
H. Erpenbeck - RWTH Aachen University
Publication Details: Pos : proceedings of science, v 395, 349
Publisher: SISSA Medialab
Grant note: 20-02-00625a / Russian Foundation for Basic Research (http://data.elsevier.com/vocabulary/SciValFunders/501100002261) Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (http://data.elsevier.com/vocabulary/SciValFunders/501100001656) California Department of Fish and Game (http://data.elsevier.com/vocabulary/SciValFunders/100004807) ED431C 2017/07 / Xunta de Galicia (http://data.elsevier.com/vocabulary/SciValFunders/501100010801) FPA2017-85114-P; PID2019-104676GB-C32 / Ministerio de Economía, In-dustria y Competitividad University of Utah (http://data.elsevier.com/vocabulary/SciValFunders/100007747) Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (http://data.elsevier.com/vocabulary/SciValFunders/501100000038) FPA2015-68783-REDT / RENATA Red Nacional Temática de Astropartículas Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (http://data.elsevier.com/vocabulary/SciValFunders/501100001807)
Resource Type: Conference proceeding
Language: English
Academic Unit: Physics
Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85145772917
Other Identifier: 991022237365704721

Update on the Combined Analysis of Muon Measurements from Nine Air Shower Experiments

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