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Supplemental Material for: Risk of Extra-Intestinal Solid Organ Malignancy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study
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Supplemental Material for: Risk of Extra-Intestinal Solid Organ Malignancy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study

figshare admin karger, Aakash Desai, Rishi Chowdhary, Himsikhar Khataniar, Francis A. Farraye, Raymond K. Cross, Stephen B. Hanauer, Parambir S. Dulai, Miguel Regueiro and Gursimran S. Kochhar
20 Aug 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.33294159
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https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.33294159View
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Abstract

Medicine
Introduction: There is limited and conflicting data regarding the risk of thyroid, kidney and prostate cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using the U.S. Collaborative Network comparing the risk of thyroid, kidney and prostate cancer in the IBD compared to non-IBD (control) cohort. One-to-one propensity score matching (PSM) was performed for demographics and co-morbid conditions. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify risk factors for each cancer. Results: There were 200,280 matched pairs in the IBD and control cohorts (mean age 43.7 +/- 19.5 years, 46.1% male, 76% White). Compared with non-IBD controls, patients with IBD had increased odds of thyroid cancer (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.19-1.59), kidney cancer (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.22-1.54), and prostate cancer (aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.29-1.51). These associations were generally consistent across IBD subtypes and sex strata. Racial/ethnic disparities were observed for each cancer. Patients with IBD aged 18-39 years had increased odds of thyroid cancer (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.84), but not kidney or prostate cancer, compared with controls. Long-term systemic steroid use was associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.29-2.36) and kidney cancer (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.24-1.87), while type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity were associated with increased risk of all three cancers in the IBD cohort.Conclusion: In this focused analysis of selected extra-intestinal solid organ malignancies, IBD was associated with increased risk of thyroid, kidney, and prostate cancer. These findings support further research into cancer-specific mechanisms, surveillance patterns, and risk stratification in patients with IBD.

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