Dissertation
Adult learning, instructional strategies, and cultural influences among law enforcement Drug Recognition Experts (DRE) instructors: a qualitative exploratory case study
Doctor of Education (Ed.D.), Drexel University
Jul 2026
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17918/00011558
Abstract
This exploratory qualitative study examined how Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) instructors perceive their readiness to deliver classroom instruction effectively. Guided by Knowles's theory of andragogy, Bandura's self-efficacy theory, and Kolb's experiential learning theory, the study explored how knowledge of adult learning concepts, self-efficacy, and organizational and DRE culture shape instructors' use of evidence-based teaching strategies. Data were collected through a focus group and nine semistructured interviews with DRE instructors. Findings indicate that although DRE instructors often use adult learning strategies to deliver classroom content, they do not attribute this to formal training. Instead, their confidence developed through repetition, observation of experienced peers, and mentorship. Participants also described how cultural influences within the DRE program shape perceptions of confidence and willingness to learn new instructional techniques. These DRE cultural influences noted by participants differ from previous findings suggesting that law enforcement culture is broadly resistant to change. The findings suggest redesigning and updating the DRE Instructor Development Course (IDC) to address these cultural influences and incorporate current, meaningful adult learning, thereby strengthening instructors' confidence more quickly and improving student outcomes. Findings also suggest a need to examine how the DRE program structure can incorporate tools to cultivate a positive culture. Further research is warranted to examine the role of DRE culture and formal mentorship programs in instructor success.
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Details
- Title
- Adult learning, instructional strategies, and cultural influences among law enforcement Drug Recognition Experts (DRE) instructors
- Creators
- Christine Frank
- Contributors
- Cameron Kiosoglous (Advisor)
- Awarding Institution
- Drexel University
- Degree Awarded
- Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)
- Publisher
- Drexel University
- Number of pages
- xiii, 104 pages
- Resource Type
- Dissertation
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- College of Arts and Sciences; School of Education; Drexel University
- Other Identifier
- 991022207546304721