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Dissertation
Sorption of organic chemicals on natural organic matter in the water column and effects on the toxicity of the chemicals to Daphnia magna
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Drexel University
Dec 1987
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17918/00000974
Abstract
The sorption potential of hydrophobic synthetic chemicals on dissolved (DOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) in natural waters was measured, and the effect of sorption by DOM on the toxicity of the chemical to an aquatic organism, Daphnia magna, was determined. The fraction of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) bound to the DOM > 1000 daltons at salinities from 0 to 22 ppt was measured using dialysis in water from the Delaware River Estuary. The partition coefficient, Kdom, calculated with DOM > 1000 daltons gave the best fit of the data (r2 = 92). Linear regression analyses showed no significant effect of salinity on Kdom or on the concentration humic acids. Acute toxicity, tissue concentrations and Kdom values were determined for DDT and lindane using Daphnia magna with and without humic acid DOM. Kdom values, determined with changes in BCF, agreed with published values using dialysis methods. Treatments with DOM added were all significantly less toxic than in water alone. However, there was no difference due to DOM when toxic response to DDT was plotted against tissue concentration. The toxic response and tissue concentration for lindane were not affected by DOM. The results indicate that chemicals sorbed on DOM are not toxic because bound forms are not available for uptake by aquatic organisms. Sorption by DOM and POM was measured in surface waters and in leachates from soils and sediments for two PCB's, lindane, dieldrin and p,p' DDT. Kdom values were measured with changes in dry weight BCF for Daphnia magna and Kpom values were measured with centrifugation. The relationship of log Kdom to log Kow for the chemicals in this study agreed closely with published values for sorption of chemicals by soils/sediments. This indicates that organic material in the water column sorbs chemicals to the same degree as organic material in soils/sediments.
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Details
- Title
- Sorption of organic chemicals on natural organic matter in the water column and effects on the toxicity of the chemicals to Daphnia magna
- Creators
- Linda Henry
- Contributors
- Irwin H. Suffet (Advisor)
- Awarding Institution
- Drexel University
- Degree Awarded
- Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
- Publisher
- Drexel University; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Number of pages
- ix, 120 pages
- Resource Type
- Dissertation
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Environmental Studies Institute (1970-1997); Drexel University
- Other Identifier
- 991014970309104721