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Young Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Intellectual Disabilities
Encyclopedia entry

Young Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Intellectual Disabilities

Nancy Raitano Lee, Mary Godfrey and Taralee Hamner
Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology
2017

Abstract

Adaptive behavior Assessment Behavioral phenotype Down syndrome (DS) Fragile X syndrome (FXS) Global developmental delay Individualized education program (IEP) Individualized family service plan (IFSP) Intelligence Neurodevelopmental disorder Williams syndrome (WS)
Intellectual disability, with a prevalence of approximately 1%, is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts global cognitive abilities and adaptive function or daily living skills. The causes, severity, and presentation of intellectual disability vary from person to person. However, in general, individuals with intellectual disability require greater support than peers with typical development in order to complete activities of daily living across the lifespan. In this chapter, we summarize scholarship on the diagnosis, etiology, and treatment of intellectual disability, with a specific focus on the needs of children embedded in their family, school, and larger social environment.

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