Journal article
A 5-year examination of CAPABLE implementation using RE-AIM and CFIR frameworks
Frontiers in public health, v 13, 1569320
26 Jun 2025
PMID: 40642250
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Background: Examining the experience of organizations implementing evidence-based programs can help future programs address barriers to effective implementation, sustainment, and scaling. CAPABLE is an evidence-based 4-to-6-month program that improves daily function of older adults and modifies their home environments in modest ways to support their goal attainment. Through a guided process, utilizing an occupational therapist, nurse, and handy worker, the older adult sets goals and a personal action plan. In this study, we examined factors that advanced or impeded implementation and sustainability of CAPABLE. The researchers are embedded in the CAPABLE National Center and Johns Hopkins and provide ongoing technical support in implementation and dissemination of CAPABLE throughout the U.S., Canada, and other countries.Methods: We chose the RE-AIM and CFIR frameworks based on their robust use in the U.S. for examining implementation of older adult health promotion and prevention programs. We examined the implementation and sustainment experience of 65 organizations adopting CAPABLE across 5 years (2019–2024). Data sources included licensure records, an annual survey, and additional notes collected ad hoc. We identified key components to implement CAPABLE and used self-reported data from the lead program administrator at each organization who replied to the annual survey. These key informants responded to the level of ease or difficulty of these key components required for implementation. They responded each year that their organizations provided CAPABLE. CAPABLE licensure records indicated when the organization began/terminated their service. Notes from monthly office hours calls provided additional contextual information. We performed qualitative thematic and descriptive analysis on the notes. We also reviewed published studies on CAPABLE’s outcomes. The unit of analysis was the organization.Results: The following factors were consistently reported by these administrators as supporting ease of implementation: getting leadership support, accessing technical assistance, and maintaining fidelity to the program. Conversely, common challenges reported included difficulty with recruitment, hiring/finding the required personnel, and sustainability funding. Internal factors supporting readiness and adoption were perceived value of the program and program manager knowledge and commitment. External factors reported that supported adoption was initial funding to start a pilot, and alignment with “aging in community” strategic goals.Implication: This examination revealed positive and impeding forces for implementation and sustainment and identified where additional support was needed. Findings are guiding the development of this additional technical support by the CAPABLE National Center. In addition, efforts are underway to improve funding and policy to support CAPABLE to improve sustainment, scaling, and dissemination. This study also provides a use case for employing the RE-AIM and CFIR frameworks together to track ongoing implementation. This helps address a gap in the literature concerning practical ways to monitor, evaluate, and report on ongoing implementation of evidence-based programs.
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Details
- Title
- A 5-year examination of CAPABLE implementation using RE-AIM and CFIR frameworks
- Creators
- Deborah L. Paone - Johns Hopkins UniversityJeanne W. SchullerMatthew Lee Smith - Texas A&M UniversityLaura N. Gitlin - Drexel UniversitySarah L. Szanton - Johns Hopkins University
- Publication Details
- Frontiers in public health, v 13, 1569320
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media
- Number of pages
- 15
- Grant note
- Rita and Alex Hillman FoundationNational Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research: HHS-ACL-NIDILRR-RTGE-0342, 90RTGE0003
The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article. Funding was provided by Rita and Alex Hillman Foundation and the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research, HHS-ACL-NIDILRR-RTGE-0342 Grant # 90RTGE0003. The views expressed here do not represent the views of either the Rita and Alex Hillman Foundation, nor those of the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research or the federal government.
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- College of Nursing and Health Professions
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001525179700001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-105010895166
- Other Identifier
- 991022061644504721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Public, Environmental & Occupational Health