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A Qualitative Study Defining Physician System Citizens: Expanding the Physician Role
Journal article   Peer reviewed

A Qualitative Study Defining Physician System Citizens: Expanding the Physician Role

Ami L. DeWaters, Britta M. Thompson, Jung G. Kim, Erin L. Miller, Robert Cooney, Paul Haidet, Lindsay A. Mazotti, James B. Reilly, Nardine S. Riegels, Holly Wisnousky, …
ACADEMIC MEDICINE, v 100(11), pp e60-e67
Nov 2025
PMID: 40779678

Abstract

Education & Educational Research Education, Scientific Disciplines Health Care Sciences & Services Life Sciences & Biomedicine Science & Technology Social Sciences
PurposeThe role of 21st-century physicians must change to meet the needs of evolving health care systems, including meeting societal needs by ensuring equitable distribution of resources, improving health care systems inclusivity and care delivery safety, and providing value-based care. The authors define the characteristics and behaviors of physicians who are currently meeting those needs, termed physician system citizens (PSCs). This study explored and defined the personal characteristics and behaviors of PSCs and the environmental factors that facilitate system citizenship.MethodThe authors used the concept of positive deviance, a method to identify individuals in a community with uncommon but successful behaviors, to identify faculty physicians from a consortium of 5 U.S. academic institutions and their associated health care delivery systems considered to be exemplary PSCs. From April to June 2022, semistructured, open-ended interviews were performed with each physician and 1 to 2 of their interprofessional colleagues to explore the characteristics they demonstrate within clinical practice. Content thematic analysis was performed on interview data to identify patterns, with final themes triangulated across the research team.ResultsTwenty-one interviews of 9 exemplar PSCs, 6 of their interprofessional colleagues, and 6 resident physicians who worked with the physician were performed. Four main themes were identified: (1) PSCs' personal characteristics are in alignment with existing core physician competencies, in particular superb communication and teaming skills; (2) PSCs' behaviors exhibit the presence of systems thinking; (3) PSCs' behaviors exhibit exceptional emotional intelligence; and (4) mentors were the key learning environment factor in PSC development.ConclusionsThese findings provide novel insights into the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required by 21st-century PSCs. More traditional physician-based competencies remain critical for physician development. However, systems thinking and emotional intelligence emerged as meta-competencies that highlight a broader scope and responsibility for physicians to embrace in health care delivery.

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#4 Quality Education

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Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
Web of Science research areas
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Health Care Sciences & Services
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