Journal article
AGILE: An end-to-end -LSST simulation of active galactic nuclei, galaxies, and stars Rubin. I. Software description and first data release
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin), v 710, Forthcoming
09 Apr 2026
Abstract
Contemporary large-scale surveys such as the and Euclid present an unprecedented discovery potential for studying at the population level in the big data era. However, one major challenge is the accurate identification and classification of from optical and near-infrared photometry or variability data alone. To optimize selection, classification, and systematics as well as to test different data analysis tools, we present ( ), an end-to-end simulation software. Developed as part of the INAF in-kind contribution, is capable of simulating the anticipated AGN population in and Euclid. LSST AGN AGN AGN AGILE AGILE LSST LSST AGILE LSST We based on existing simulations of galaxies and stars, while we developed an recipe based on empirical relations. populates complete galaxy samples with according to the observed AGILE AGN AGILE AGN AGN accretion rate distribution, and each is assigned an optical/UV spectral energy distribution. Optical variability is added using a damped random walk model connected to the physical parameters. Finally, creates both -like images and related data products. AGN AGN AGN AGILE LSST Using , we built a 24, ^2 complete mock truth catalog of , galaxies, and stars with 0.2 < z < 5.5, łogMstar > 8.5 ( and galaxies), and r < 27.5, (stars). We also performed a pilot simulation ( DR1) consisting of 1, ^2 of operations in the COSMOS field observed up to three years in accordance with the survey strategy. We used DR1 to quantify the accuracy of the LSST Science Pipelines in recovering the true fluxes of , galaxies, and stars. We quantified the completeness and purity in recovering using typical color-color and variability selections. We share the DR1 dataset, as it represents an ideal test bench for further scientific exploitation and forecasts in the context of AGILE deg AGN AGN mag AGILE deg LSST AGILE AGN LSST AGN AGILE LSST AGN .
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Details
- Title
- AGILE: An end-to-end -LSST simulation of active galactic nuclei, galaxies, and stars Rubin. I. Software description and first data release
- Creators
- A. ViitanenA. BongiornoI. SaccheoA. GrazianM. PaolilloV. PetreccaD. De CiccoD. RobertsF. ShankarV. AllevatoE. MerlinD. IlićA. B. Kovǎ cevićG. De SommaM. Di CriscienzoL. GirardiM. MarconiA. MazziG. PastorelliM. TrabucchiT. AnannaR. J. AssefW. N. BrandtM. BresciaA. W. GrahamG. LiD. MarsangoA. PecaM. PolioudakisC. M. RaiteriB. RaniC. RicciG. RichardsM. SalvatoS. Satheesh-SheebaR. ShirleyS. TangM. J. TempleF. TombesiI. YoonF. Zou
- Publication Details
- Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin), v 710, Forthcoming
- Publisher
- The European Southern Observatory
- Number of pages
- 25
- Grant note
We thank the INAF computing system PLEIADI, for the availability of high-performance computing resources and support. We acknowledge the use of the ADHOC (Astrophysical Data HPC Operating Center) resources, within the project "Strengthening the Italian Leadership in ELT and SKA (STILES)" proposal nr. IR0000034, admitted and eligible for funding from the funds referred to in the D.D. prot. no. 245 of August 10, 2022 and D.D. 326 of August 30, 2022, funded under the program "Next Generation EU" of the European Union, "Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza" (PNRR) of the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR), "Fund for the creation of an integrated system of research and innovation infrastructures", Action 3.1.1 "Creation of new IR or strengthening of existing IR involved in the Horizon Europe Scientific Excellence objectives and the establishment of networks" A.V. acknowledges support from the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters and the Foundations' Post Doc Pool. A.B. acknowledges the hospitality of the University of Geneva. M.P. acknowledges support from the Italian PRIN - MIUR 2022 "SUNRISE" and the INAF grant TIMEDOMES. The research leading to these results have received funding by the EU HORIZON-MSCA-2023-DN Project 101168906 "TALES: Time-domain Analysis to study the Life-cycle and Evolution of Supermassive black holes" DD acknowledges PON R&I 2021, CUP E65F21002880003, and Fondi di Ricerca di Ateneo (FRA), linea C, progetto TORNADO. D.I. and A.B.K. acknowledge funding provided by the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Mathematics through the grant (the contract 451-03-136/2025-03/200104) of the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia. G.D.S. acknowledges support from Gaia DPAC through INAF and ASI (PI: M. G. Lattanzi), and from INFN (Naples Section) through the QGSKY and Moonlight2 initiatives. RJA was supported by FONDECYT grant number 1231718 and by the ANID BASAL project FB210003. CR acknowledges support from SNSF Consolidator grant F01-13252, Fondecyt Regular grant 1230345, ANID BASAL project FB210003 and the China-Chile joint research fund. GP and MT acknowledge funding by the European Union - NextGenerationEU and by the University of Padua under the 2023 STARS Grants@Unipd programme ("CONVERGENCE" project).
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Physics
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001779666100001
- Other Identifier
- 991022173405204721