Journal article
Acceptance Tests of more than 10 000 Photomultiplier Tubes for the multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules of the IceCube Upgrade
Journal of instrumentation, v 19(7), 07038
01 Jul 2024
Abstract
More than 10 000 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with a diameter of 80mm will be installed in multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules (mDOMs) of the IceCube Upgrade. These have been tested and pre-calibrated at two sites. A throughput of more than 1000 PMTs per week with both sites was achieved with a modular design of the testing facilities and highly automated testing procedures. The testing facilities can easily be adapted to other PMTs, such that they can, e.g., be re-used for testing the PMTs for IceCube-Gen2. Single photoelectron response, high voltage dependence, time resolution, prepulse, late pulse, afterpulse probabilities, and dark rates were measured for each PMT. We describe the design of the testing facilities, the testing procedures, and the results of the acceptance tests.
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- Title
- Acceptance Tests of more than 10 000 Photomultiplier Tubes for the multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules of the IceCube Upgrade
- Creators
- R. Abbasi - Loyola University ChicagoM. Ackermann - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYJ. Adams - University of CanterburyS. K. Agarwalla - University of Wisconsin–MadisonJ. A. Aguilar - Université Libre de BruxellesM. Ahlers - University of CopenhagenJ. M. Alameddine - TU Dortmund UniversityN. M. Amin - University of DelawareK. Andeen - Marquette UniversityG. Anton - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergC. Arguelles - Institute of Particle PhysicsY. Ashida - University of UtahS. Athanasiadou - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYL. Ausborm - RWTH Aachen UniversityS. N. Axani - University of DelawareX. Bai - South Dakota School of Mines and TechnologyA. Balagopal - University of Wisconsin–MadisonM. Baricevic - University of Wisconsin–MadisonS. W. Barwick - University of California, IrvineS. Bash - Technical University of MunichV. Basu - University of Wisconsin–MadisonR. Bay - University of California, BerkeleyJ. J. Beatty - The Ohio State UniversityJ. Becker Tjus - Ruhr University BochumJ. Beise - Uppsala UniversityC. Bellenghi - Technical University of MunichC. Benning - RWTH Aachen UniversityS. BenZvi - University of RochesterD. Berley - University of Maryland, College ParkE. Bernardini - University of PaduaD. Z. Besson - University of KansasE. Blaufuss - University of Maryland, College ParkL. Bloom - University of AlabamaS. Blot - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYF. Bontempo - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyJ. Y. Book Motzkin - Harvard UniversityC. Boscolo Meneguolo - University of PaduaS. Boeser - Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyO. Botner - Uppsala UniversityJ. Boettcher - Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, GermanyJ. Braun - University of Wisconsin–MadisonB. Brinson - Georgia Institute of TechnologyJ. Brostean-Kaiser - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYL. Brusa - RWTH Aachen UniversityR. T. Burley - The University of AdelaideD. Butterfield - University of Wisconsin–MadisonM. A. Campana - Drexel UniversityI. Caracas - Johannes Gutenberg University MainzK. Carloni - Institute of Particle PhysicsJ. Carpio - University of Nevada, Las VegasS. Chattopadhyay - University of Wisconsin–MadisonN. Chau - Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, CP230, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumZ. Chen - Stony Brook UniversityD. Chirkin - University of Wisconsin–MadisonS. Choi - Sungkyunkwan UniversityB. A. Clark - University of Maryland, College ParkA. Coleman - Uppsala UniversityG. H. Collin - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyA. Connolly - The Ohio State UniversityJ. M. Conrad - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyP. Coppin - Vrije Universiteit BrusselR. Corley - University of UtahP. Correa - Vrije Universiteit BrusselD. F. Cowen - Pennsylvania State UniversityP. Dave - Georgia Institute of TechnologyC. De Clercq - Vrije Universiteit BrusselJ. J. DeLaunay - University of AlabamaD. Delgado - Institute of Particle PhysicsS. Deng - RWTH Aachen UniversityA. Desai - University of Wisconsin–MadisonP. Desiati - University of Wisconsin–MadisonK. D. de Vries - Vrije Universiteit BrusselG. de Wasseige - UCLouvainT. DeYoung - Michigan State UniversityA. Diaz - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyJ. C. Diaz-Velez - University of Wisconsin–MadisonP. Dierichs - RWTH Aachen UniversityM. Dittmer - University of MünsterA. Domi - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergL. Draper - University of UtahH. Dujmovic - University of Wisconsin–MadisonK. Dutta - Johannes Gutenberg University MainzM. A. DuVernois - University of Wisconsin–MadisonT. Ehrhardt - Johannes Gutenberg University MainzL. Eidenschink - Technical University of MunichA. Eimer - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergP. Eller - Technical University of MunichE. Ellinger - University of WuppertalS. El Mentawi - RWTH Aachen UniversityD. Elsaesser - TU Dortmund UniversityR. Engel - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyH. Erpenbeck - University of Wisconsin–MadisonJ. Evans - University of Maryland, College ParkP. A. Evenson - University of DelawareK. L. Fan - University of Maryland, College ParkK. Fang - University of Wisconsin–MadisonK. Farrag - Chiba UniversityA. R. Fazely - Southern UniversityA. Fedynitch - Institute of Physics, Academia SinicaN. Feigl - Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinS. Fiedlschuster - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergC. Finley - Stockholm UniversityL. Fischer - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYD. Fox - Pennsylvania State UniversityA. Franckowiak - Ruhr University BochumS. Fukami - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYP. Fuerst - Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, GermanyJ. Gallagher - University of Wisconsin SystemE. Ganster - RWTH Aachen UniversityA. Garcia - Institute of Particle PhysicsM. Garcia - University of DelawareG. Garg - University of Wisconsin–MadisonE. Genton - Institute of Particle PhysicsL. Gerhardt - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryA. Ghadimi - University of AlabamaC. Girard-Carillo - Johannes Gutenberg University MainzC. Glaser - Uppsala UniversityT. Gluesenkamp - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergJ. G. Gonzalez - University of DelawareS. Goswami - University of Nevada, Las VegasA. Granados - Michigan State UniversityD. Grant - Michigan State UniversityS. J. Gray - University of Maryland, College ParkO. Gries - RWTH Aachen UniversityS. Griffin - University of Wisconsin–MadisonS. Griswold - University of RochesterK. M. Groth - University of CopenhagenC. Guenther - Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, GermanyP. Gutjahr - TU Dortmund UniversityC. Ha - Chung-Ang UniversityC. Haack - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergA. Hallgren - Uppsala UniversityR. Halliday - Michigan State UniversityL. Halve - RWTH Aachen UniversityF. Halzen - University of Wisconsin–MadisonH. Hamdaoui - Stony Brook UniversityM. Ha Minh - Technical University of MunichM. Handt - RWTH Aachen UniversityK. Hanson - University of Wisconsin–MadisonJ. Hardin - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyA. A. Harnisch - Michigan State UniversityP. Hatch - Queen's UniversityA. Haungs - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyJ. Haeussler - Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, GermanyK. Helbing - University of WuppertalJ. Hellrung - Ruhr University BochumJ. Hermannsgabner - RWTH Aachen UniversityL. Heuermann - RWTH Aachen UniversityN. Heyer - Uppsala UniversityS. Hickford - University of WuppertalA. Hidvegi - Stockholm UniversityC. Hill - Chiba UniversityG. C. Hill - The University of AdelaideK. D. Hoffman - University of Maryland, College ParkS. Hori - University of Wisconsin–MadisonK. Hoshina - University of Wisconsin–MadisonM. Hostert - Institute of Particle PhysicsW. Hou - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyT. Huber - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyK. Hultqvist - Stockholm UniversityM. Huennefeld - TU Dortmund UniversityR. Hussain - University of Wisconsin–MadisonK. Hymon - TU Dortmund UniversityA. Ishihara - Chiba UniversityW. Iwakiri - Chiba UniversityM. Jacquart - University of Wisconsin–MadisonO. Janik - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergM. Jansson - Stockholm UniversityG. S. Japaridze - Clark Atlanta UniversityM. Jeong - University of UtahM. Jin - Institute of Particle PhysicsB. J. P. Jones - The University of Texas at ArlingtonR. Joppe - RWTH Aachen UniversityN. Kamp - Institute of Particle PhysicsD. Kang - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyW. Kang - Sungkyunkwan UniversityX. Kang - Drexel UniversityA. Kappes - University of MünsterD. Kappesser - Johannes Gutenberg University MainzL. Kardum - TU Dortmund UniversityT. Karg - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYM. Karl - Technical University of MunichA. Karle - University of Wisconsin–MadisonA. Katil - University of AlbertaU. Katz - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergM. Kauer - University of Wisconsin–MadisonJ. L. Kelley - University of Wisconsin–MadisonM. Khanal - University of UtahA. Khatee Zathul - University of Wisconsin–MadisonA. Kheirandish - University of Nevada, Las VegasJ. Kiryluk - Stony Brook UniversityA. Kochocki - Michigan State UniversityR. Koirala - University of DelawareH. Kolanoski - Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinT. Kontrimas - Technical University of MunichL. Koepke - Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyC. Kopper - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergD. J. Koskinen - University of CopenhagenM. Kossatz - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYP. Koundal - University of DelawareM. Kovacevich - Drexel UniversityM. Kowalski - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYT. Kozynets - University of CopenhagenJ. Krishnamoorthi - University of Wisconsin–MadisonK. Kruiswijk - UCLouvainE. Krupczak - Michigan State UniversityA. Kumar - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYE. Kun - Ruhr University BochumN. Kurahashi - Drexel UniversityN. Lad - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYC. Lagunas Gualda - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYM. Lamoureux - UCLouvainM. J. Larson - University of Maryland, College ParkS. Latseva - RWTH Aachen UniversityF. Lauber - University of WuppertalJ. P. Lazar - UCLouvainJ. W. Lee - Sungkyunkwan UniversityK. Leonard DeHolton - Pennsylvania State UniversityA. Leszczynska - University of DelawareJ. Liao - Georgia Institute of TechnologyM. Lincetto - Ruhr University BochumY. T. Liu - Pennsylvania State UniversityM. Liubarska - University of AlbertaE. Lohfink - Johannes Gutenberg University MainzC. Love - Drexel UniversityC. J. Lozano Mariscal - University of MünsterL. Lu - University of Wisconsin–MadisonF. Lucarelli - University of GenevaW. Luszczak - The Ohio State UniversityY. Lyu - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryJ. Madsen - University of Wisconsin–MadisonE. Magnus - Vrije Universiteit BrusselK. B. M. Mahn - Michigan State UniversityY. Makino - University of Wisconsin–MadisonE. Manao - Technical University of MunichS. Mancina - University of Wisconsin–MadisonW. Marie Sainte - University of Wisconsin–MadisonI. C. Maris - Université Libre de BruxellesS. Marka - Columbia UniversityZ. Marka - Columbia UniversityM. Marsee - University of AlabamaI. Martinez-Soler - Institute of Particle PhysicsR. Maruyama - Yale UniversityF. Mayhew - Michigan State UniversityF. McNally - Mercer University Health Sciences CenterJ. V. Mead - University of CopenhagenK. Meagher - University of Wisconsin–MadisonS. Mechbal - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYA. Medina - The Ohio State UniversityM. Meier - Chiba UniversityY. Merckx - Vrije Universiteit BrusselL. Merten - Ruhr University BochumJ. Micallef - Michigan State UniversityJ. Mitchell - Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical CollegeT. Montaruli - University of GenevaR. W. Moore - University of AlbertaY. Morii - Chiba UniversityR. Morse - University of Wisconsin–MadisonM. Moulai - University of Wisconsin–MadisonT. Mukherjee - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyR. Naab - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYR. Nagai - Chiba UniversityM. Nakos - University of Wisconsin–MadisonU. Naumann - University of WuppertalJ. Necker - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYA. Negi - The University of Texas at ArlingtonL. Neste - Stockholm UniversityM. Neumann - University of MünsterH. Niederhausen - Michigan State UniversityM. U. Nisa - Michigan State UniversityK. Noda - Chiba UniversityA. Noell - RWTH Aachen UniversityA. Novikov - University of DelawareA. Obertacke Pollmann - Chiba UniversityV. O'Dell - University of Wisconsin–MadisonB. Oeyen - Ghent UniversityA. Olivas - University of Maryland, College ParkR. Orsoe - Technical University of MunichJ. Osborn - University of Wisconsin–MadisonE. O'Sullivan - Uppsala UniversityH. Pandya - University of DelawareN. Park - Queen's UniversityG. K. Parker - The University of Texas at ArlingtonE. N. Paudel - University of DelawareL. Paul - South Dakota School of Mines and TechnologyC. Perez de los Heros - Uppsala UniversityT. Pernice - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYJ. Peterson - University of Wisconsin–MadisonS. Philippen - RWTH Aachen UniversityA. Pizzuto - University of Wisconsin–MadisonM. Plum - South Dakota School of Mines and TechnologyA. Ponten - Uppsala UniversityY. Popovych - Johannes Gutenberg University MainzM. Prado Rodriguez - University of Wisconsin–MadisonB. Pries - Michigan State UniversityR. Procter-Murphy - University of Maryland, College ParkG. T. Przybylski - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryC. Raab - UCLouvainJ. Rack-Helleis - Johannes Gutenberg University MainzM. Ravn - Uppsala UniversityK. Rawlins - University of Alaska AnchorageZ. Rechav - University of Wisconsin–MadisonA. Rehman - University of DelawareP. Reichherzer - Ruhr University BochumE. Resconi - Technical University of MunichS. Reusch - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYW. Rhode - TU Dortmund UniversityB. Riedel - University of Wisconsin–MadisonA. Rifaie - RWTH Aachen UniversityE. J. Roberts - The University of AdelaideS. Robertson - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryS. Rodan - Sungkyunkwan UniversityG. Roellinghoff - Sungkyunkwan UniversityM. Rongen - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergA. Rosted - Chiba UniversityC. Rott - University of UtahT. Ruhe - TU Dortmund UniversityL. Ruohan - Technical University of MunichD. Ryckbosch - Ghent UniversityI. Safa - University of Wisconsin–MadisonJ. Saffer - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyD. Salazar-Gallegos - Michigan State UniversityP. Sampathkumar - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyA. Sandrock - University of WuppertalM. Santander - University of AlabamaS. Sarkar - University of OxfordS. Sarkar - University of OxfordJ. Savelberg - RWTH Aachen UniversityP. Savina - University of Wisconsin–MadisonP. Schaile - Technical University of MunichM. Schaufel - RWTH Aachen UniversityH. Schieler - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyS. Schindler - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergB. Schlueter - University of MünsterF. Schluter - Université Libre de BruxellesN. Schmeisser - University of WuppertalT. Schmidt - University of Maryland, College ParkJ. Schneider - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergF. G. Schroeder - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyL. Schumacher - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergS. Sclafani - University of Maryland, College ParkD. Seckel - University of DelawareM. Seikh - University of KansasM. Seo - Sungkyunkwan UniversityS. Seunarine - University of Wisconsin–River FallsP. Sevle Myhr - UCLouvainR. Shah - Drexel UniversityS. Shefali - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyN. Shimizu - Chiba UniversityM. Silva - University of Wisconsin–MadisonB. Skrzypek - University of California, BerkeleyB. Smithers - The University of Texas at ArlingtonR. Snihur - University of Wisconsin–MadisonJ. Soedingrekso - TU Dortmund UniversityA. Sogaard - University of CopenhagenD. Soldin - University of UtahP. Soldin - RWTH Aachen UniversityG. Sommani - Ruhr University BochumC. Spannfellner - Technical University of MunichG. M. Spiczak - University of Wisconsin–River FallsC. Spiering - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYM. Stamatikos - The Ohio State UniversityT. Stanev - University of DelawareT. Stezelberger - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryT. Stuerwald - University of WuppertalT. Stuttard - University of CopenhagenK. H. Sulanke - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYG. W. Sullivan - University of Maryland, College ParkI. Taboada - Georgia Institute of TechnologyS. Ter-Antonyan - Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USAA. Terliuk - Technical University of MunichM. Thiesmeyer - RWTH Aachen UniversityW. G. Thompson - Institute of Particle PhysicsJ. Thwaites - University of Wisconsin–MadisonS. Tilav - University of DelawareK. Tollefson - Michigan State UniversityC. Tonnis - Sungkyunkwan UniversityS. Toscano - Université Libre de BruxellesD. Tosi - University of Wisconsin–MadisonA. Trettin - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYR. Turcotte - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyJ. P. Twagirayezu - Michigan State UniversityM. A. Unland Elorrieta - University of MünsterA. K. Upadhyay - University of Wisconsin–MadisonK. Upshaw - Southern UniversityA. Vaidyanathan - Marquette UniversityN. Valtonen-Mattila - Uppsala UniversityJ. Vandenbroucke - University of Wisconsin–MadisonN. van Eijndhoven - Vrije Universiteit BrusselD. Vannerom - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyJ. van Santen - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYJ. Vara - University of MünsterJ. Veitch-Michaelis - University of Wisconsin–MadisonM. Venugopal - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyM. Vereecken - UCLouvainS. Verpoest - University of DelawareD. Veske - Columbia UniversityA. Vijai - University of Maryland, College ParkC. Walck - Stockholm UniversityA. Wang - Georgia Institute of TechnologyC. Weaver - Michigan State UniversityP. Weigel - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyA. Weindl - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyJ. Weldert - Pennsylvania State UniversityA. Y. Wen - Institute of Particle PhysicsC. Wendt - University of Wisconsin–MadisonJ. Werthebach - TU Dortmund UniversityM. Weyrauch - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyN. Whitehorn - Michigan State UniversityC. H. Wiebusch - RWTH Aachen UniversityD. R. Williams - University of AlabamaL. Witthaus - TU Dortmund UniversityA. Wolf - RWTH Aachen UniversityM. Wolf - Technical University of MunichG. Wrede - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergX. W. Xu - Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USAJ. P. Yanez - University of AlbertaE. Yildizci - University of Wisconsin–MadisonS. Yoshida - Chiba UniversityR. Young - University of KansasS. Yu - University of UtahT. Yuan - University of Wisconsin–MadisonZ. Zhang - Stony Brook UniversityP. Zhelnin - Institute of Particle PhysicsP. Zilberman - University of Wisconsin–MadisonM. Zimmerman - University of Wisconsin–MadisonIceCube Collaboration
- Publication Details
- Journal of instrumentation, v 19(7), 07038
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Number of pages
- 26
- Grant note
- U.S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division; National Science Foundation (NSF) Center for High Throughput Computing (CHTC) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison; University of Wisconsin Madison U.S. National Science Foundation-Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure High Performance Computing cluster of the RWTH Aachen Compute Ontario TU Dortmund University RWTH Aachen University Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services & Support (ACCESS) WestGrid Open Science Grid (OSG)
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Physics
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001591647200001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85200553282
- Other Identifier
- 991022202103904721