The effects of temperature and surfactant on the shape of candle droplets that solidify at air-water interfaces were investigated. In pure water, triangular or quadrangular shaped candle droplets were formed when the temperature was ≤6 °C and round shape droplets were observed when the temperature was ≥10 °C. In SDS/water solutions ≥ 0.5 mM, oval or concave bowl-shaped candle droplets were formed when the temperature was ≤6 °C and round shape droplets were observed when the temperature was ≥10 °C. The formation mechanisms of the different shapes were explored and discussed.
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Title
Anisotropic and Isotropic Shrinking of Candle Droplets in Cold Water and Warm Water
Creators
An-Xin Xie - Drexel University
Nicole Rendine - Drexel University
Hai-Feng Ji - Drexel University, Materials Science and Engineering