Journal article
Are Women's Empowerment and Income Inequality Associated with Excess Weight in Latin American Cities?
Journal of urban health, v 99(6), pp 1091-1103
01 Dec 2022
PMID: 36357625
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
While income gradients and gender inequalities in excess weight have been noted elsewhere, data from Latin American cities is lacking. We analyzed gender-specific associations between city-level women's empowerment and income inequality with individual-level overweight/obesity, assessing how these associations vary by individual education or living conditions within cities in Latin America. Data came from national surveys and censuses, and was compiled by the SALURBAL project (Urban Health in Latin America). The sample included 79,422 individuals (58.0% women), living in 538 sub-cities, 187 cities, and 8 countries. We used gender-stratified Poisson multilevel models to estimate the Prevalence Rate Ratios (PRR) for overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m
) per a unit change in city-level women's empowerment (proxied by a score that measures gender inequalities in employment and education) and income inequality (proxied by income-based Gini coefficient). We also tested whether individual education or sub-city living conditions modified such associations. Higher city labor women's empowerment (in women) and higher city Gini coefficient (in men) were associated with a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity (PRR = 0.97 (95%CI 0.94, 0.99) and PRR = 0.94 (95%CI 0.90, 0.97), respectively). The associations varied by individual education and sub-city living conditions. For labor women's empowerment, we observed weakened associations towards the null effect in women with lower education and in residents of sub-cities with worse living conditions (men and women). For the Gini coefficient, the association was stronger among men with primary education, and a negative association was observed in women with primary education. Our findings highlight the need for promoting equity-based policies and interventions to tackle the high prevalence of excess weight in Latin American cities.
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Details
- Title
- Are Women's Empowerment and Income Inequality Associated with Excess Weight in Latin American Cities?
- Creators
- Natalia Tumas - Universitat Pompeu FabraSantiago Rodríguez López - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, ArgentinaMónica Mazariegos - Institute of Nutrition of Central America and PanamaAna Ortigoza - Drexel UniversityCecilia Anza Ramírez - CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, PerúCarolina Pérez Ferrer - National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, MexicoKari Moore - Drexel UniversityGoro Yamada - Drexel UniversityMariana Carvalho Menezes - Universidade Federal de Ouro PretoOlga L Sarmiento - Universidad de Los AndesJuan M Pericàs - Universitat Pompeu FabraFrancesc Belvis Costes - Universitat Pompeu FabraMariana Lazo - Drexel UniversityJoan Benach - Universitat Pompeu Fabra
- Publication Details
- Journal of urban health, v 99(6), pp 1091-1103
- Publisher
- Springer Nature
- Grant note
- 205177 / Wellcome Trust 89102 / Marie Curie 205177/Z/16/Z / Wellcome Trust
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Urban Health Collaborative
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000881646300002
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85141718583
- Other Identifier
- 991020550499504721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Public, Environmental & Occupational Health