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Are slum dwellers at heightened risk of HIV infection than other urban residents? Evidence from population-based HIV prevalence surveys in Kenya
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Are slum dwellers at heightened risk of HIV infection than other urban residents? Evidence from population-based HIV prevalence surveys in Kenya

Nyovani J. Madise, Abdhalah K. Ziraba, Joseph Inungu, Samoel A. Khamadi, Alex Ezeh, Eliya M. Zulu, John Kebaso, Vincent Okoth and Matilu Mwau
Health & place, v 18(5), pp 1144-1152
01 Sep 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.04.003
PMID: 22591621
Featured in Collection :   UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.04.003View
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Abstract

HIV prevalence Intra-urban Kenya Slums
In 2008, the global urban population surpassed the rural population and by 2050 more than 6 billion will be living in urban centres. A growing body of research has reported on poor health outcomes among the urban poor but not much is known about HIV prevalence among this group. A survey of nearly 3000 men and women was conducted in two Nairobi slums in Kenya between 2006 and 2007, where respondents were tested for HIV status. In addition, data from the 2008/2009 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey were used to compare HIV prevalence between slum residents and those living in other urban and rural areas. The results showed strong intra-urban differences. HIV was 12% among slum residents compared with 5% and 6% among non-slum urban and rural residents, respectively. Generally, men had lower HIV prevalence than women although in the slums the gap was narrower. Among women, sexual experience before the age of 15 compared with after 19 years was associated with 62% higher odds of being HIV positive. There was ethnic variation in patterns of HIV infection although the effect depended on the current place of residence. ► HIV prevalence in Nairobi slums is 12%, compared with 5% among non-slum urban residents, and 6% in rural areas. ► HIV prevalence in Kenyan urban areas is principally fuelled by very high HIV infection rates in slum areas. ► Women who have first sexual intercourse at early ages are at increased risk of becoming HIV infected. ► In Kenya there are strong patterns of HIV infection by ethnicity but living in urban areas dilutes this effect.

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Web of Science research areas
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
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