Journal article
Assessing successful completion of calorie restriction studies for the prevention and treatment of cancer
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), v 78, 110829
Oct 2020
PMID: 32480254
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) >20% has been hypothesized to aid cancer prevention and treatment. Yet, to our knowledge, there is a lack of reported studies in humans describing tolerance, adherence, or efficacy, and unpublished and incomplete dietary studies may indicate lack of tolerability and compliance. The aim of this study was to assess registered clinical trials using CR for cancer treatment and prevention, rates of completion, and published reports to determine whether barriers to publication may be indicative of either negative studies, or incompletion due to unreported compliance issues.
Current registered clinical trials assessing CR in cancer prevention and treatment were assessed at clinicaltrials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry at the World Health Organization. Assessment of study completion and publication was calculated and compared with methods of CR used, as were rates of inactive and incomplete studies, dormant studies, time of dormancy, type of study, and generalizable conclusions.
Twenty-nine trials were registered assessing CR in cancer treatment or prevention. Of these studies, 18 met initial criteria, and only 4 had completed and published results. Three of these tested a CR regimen incorporating exercise or intermittent restriction. Target CR ranged from 500 to 1000 kcal/d, with one study aim of 20% CR; no study reported rates of actual calorie intake. The majority of dormant and unpublished studies (69%) used general dietary CR and was without update ranging from 265 to 2518 d. Only one study reported on the side effects of the CR regimen; compliance and adherence to the regimen was described in the four completed studies that reported results. Only two studies were registered as pilot studies testing the feasibility of CR.
Poor completion and lack of reporting of results is apparent in the majority of studies assessing CR for cancer prevention or treatment. These findings should be considered during the design of future studies assessing dietary strategies for cancer prevention or treatment.
•Twenty-nine registered studies have addressed the role of calorie restriction in cancer treatment and prevention.•Of these 29 registered studies; only 4 actually reported on results.•Target calorie restriction in the studies ranged from 500 to 1000 kcal/d, with one study aim of 20% calorie restriction; no study reported rates of actual caloric intake.•Only one of the four reported studies commented on the side effects of the calorie restriction regimen.•Studies that reported on results revealed favorable changes regardingto associations with cancer outcomes.•Reasons for the lack of completion and publication are unknown, however, future study design should consider these findings.
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Details
- Title
- Assessing successful completion of calorie restriction studies for the prevention and treatment of cancer
- Creators
- Colin E. Champ - Duke Medical CenterRainer J. Klement - Leopoldina Krankenhaus Schweinfurt
- Publication Details
- Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), v 78, 110829
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Radiation Oncology (and Nuclear Medicine)
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000573295600021
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85085332266
- Other Identifier
- 991021897276904721
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- Collaboration types
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Nutrition & Dietetics