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Axial regionalization in Tiktaalik roseae and the origin of quadrupedal locomotion
Journal article   Open access

Axial regionalization in Tiktaalik roseae and the origin of quadrupedal locomotion

Thomas Stewart, Justin Lemberg, Emily Hillan, Isaac Magallanes, Edward Daeschler and Neil Shubin
bioRxiv
13 Jan 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.11.523301
url
https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.11.523301View
SubmittedCC BY-ND V4.0,  Open

Abstract

Axial skeleton Limbs Locomotion Mobility Pelvis Rib Sacrum Tiktaalik roseae Vertebrae Computed Tomography
The origin of quadrupedal locomotion in tetrapods entailed the evolution of a regionalized axial skeleton with sacral ribs. These ribs provide linkage between the pelvis and vertebral column and contribute to body support and propulsion by the hind limb. The closest relatives of limbed vertebrates are not known to possess such a connection and, therefore, have typically been described as primarily supporting their bodies against the substrate with pectoral fins. However, data on the axial skeletons of stem tetrapods are sparce, with key features of specimens potentially covered by matrix. Here we provide micro-computed tomography data of the axial skeleton of Tiktaalik roseae and show that its vertebrae and ribs are regionalized along the craniocaudal axis, including expanded and ventrally curved ribs in the sacral region. The sacral ribs would have contacted the expanded iliac blade of the pelvis in a soft tissue connection. No atlas-axis complex is observed, however the basioccipital-exoccipital complex is deconsolidated from the rest of the neurocranium, suggesting increased mobility at occipital-vertebral junction. Thus, axial regionalization that allowed for innovations in head mobility, body support and buttressing the pelvic fin evolved prior to the origin of limbs. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

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