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Benefit-cost estimation for alternative drinking water maximum contaminant levels
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Benefit-cost estimation for alternative drinking water maximum contaminant levels

Patrick L. Gurian, Mitchell J. Small, John R. Lockwood and Mark J. Schervish
Water resources research, v 37(8), pp 2213-2226
Aug 2001
url
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900387View
Published, Version of Record (VoR)Maybe Open Access (Publisher Bronze) Open
url
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900387View
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open

Abstract

arsenic concentration cost critical load drinking water environmental analysis Environmental geology ground water human ecology maximum contaminant level (MCL) metals models pollutants pollution public health regulations simulation surface water water resources water supply
A simulation model for estimating compliance behavior and resulting costs at U.S. Community Water Suppliers is developed and applied to the evaluation of a more stringent maximum contaminant level (MCL) for arsenic. Probability distributions of source water arsenic concentrations are simulated using a statistical model conditioned on system location (state) and source water type (surface water or groundwater). This model is fit to two recent national surveys of source waters, then applied with the model explanatory variables for the population of U.S. Community Water Suppliers. Existing treatment types and arsenic removal efficiencies are also simulated. Utilities with finished water arsenic concentrations above the proposed MCL are assumed to select the least cost option compatible with their existing treatment from among 21 available compliance strategies and processes for meeting the standard. Estimated costs and arsenic exposure reductions at individual suppliers are aggregated to estimate the national compliance cost, arsenic exposure reduction, and resulting bladder cancer risk reduction. Uncertainties in the estimates are characterized based on uncertainties in the occurrence model parameters, existing treatment types, treatment removal efficiencies, costs, and the bladder cancer dose-response function for arsenic. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union.

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Web of Science research areas
Environmental Sciences
Limnology
Water Resources
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