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Bio‐based benzoxazine monomers and polymers based on difuran diamine
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Bio‐based benzoxazine monomers and polymers based on difuran diamine

Mengwen Yu, Santosh K. Yadav, John J. La Scala and Giuseppe R. Palmese
Journal of applied polymer science, v 139(39), pn/a
15 Oct 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.52946
url
https://doi.org/10.1002/app.52946View
Accepted (AM)Open Access (Publisher-Specific),  Open

Abstract

benzoxazine biopolymers and renewable polymers crosslinking glass transition thermosets
Benzoxazine monomers with high renewable content made from difuran diamine (DFDA) are presented. The benzoxazine monomers were synthesized by reacting DFDA with several bio‐based phenolic compounds and formaldehyde. These systems were purified by precipitation, and depending on composition, the resulting solid powders melt at temperatures ranging between 50 and 150°C to form low viscosity liquids that can be used to impregnate fiber reinforcements. Onset cure temperature varies depending on composition in the range of 150–240°C. The resulting polybenzoxazines have Tg's ranging from 240 to 300°C. It was found that the phenolic structure selected affects curing mechanisms of the DFDA‐based benzoxazines, Benzoxazines that have available ortho or para positions on the phenolic structures result in cure without mass loss. It was also found that adding furan rings into the backbone of the polybenzoxazine network provided the added benefit of char yield as high as 60%, as measured by thermalgravimetric analysis temperature ramps in an inert environment to 800°C. Compared with benzene‐ring‐based benzoxazine counterparts, furan‐based benzoxazines showed better thermal stability. In addition to promising processing and thermal characteristics useful for applications requiring high temperature and fire resistance, these materials contain high renewable content.

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12 citations in Web of Science
11 citations in Scopus

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Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
Web of Science research areas
Polymer Science
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