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Can Soluble Immune Checkpoint Molecules on Exosomes Mediate Inflammation?
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Can Soluble Immune Checkpoint Molecules on Exosomes Mediate Inflammation?

Julie Joseph, Benjamin Rahmani, Yonesha Cole, Neha Puttagunta, Edward Lin, Zafar K. Khan and Pooja Jain
Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology
25 Oct 2021
PMID: 34697721
url
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10128092View
Accepted (AM)Open Access (License Unspecified) Open

Abstract

Life Sciences & Biomedicine Neurosciences Neurosciences & Neurology Pharmacology & Pharmacy Science & Technology
Immune checkpoints (ICPs) are major co-signaling pathways that trigger effector functions in immune cells, with isoforms that are either membrane bound, engaging in direct cell to cell activation locally, or soluble, acting at distant sites by circulating freely or potentially via extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes are small EVs secreted by a variety of cells carrying various proteins and nucleic acids. They are distributed extensively through biological fluids and have major impacts on infectious diseases, cancer, and neuroinflammation. Similarly, ICPs play key roles in a variety of disease conditions and have been extensively utilized as a prognostic tool for various cancers. Herein, we explored if the association between exosomes and ICPs could be a significant contributor of inflammation, particularly in the setting of cancer, neuroinflammation and viral infections, wherein the up regulation in both exosomal proteins and ICPs correlate with immunosuppressive effects. The detailed literature review of existing data highlights the significance and complexity of these two important pathways in mediating cancer and potentiating neuroinflammation via modulating overall immune response.

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Web of Science research areas
Neurosciences
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
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