Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO

G. Gallina; P. Giampa; F. Retière; J. Kroeger; G. Zhang; M. Ward; P. Margetak; G. Li; T. Tsang; L. Doria; S. Al Kharusi; M. Alfaris; G. Anton; I.J. Arnquist; I. Badhrees; P.S. Barbeau; D. Beck; V. Belov; T. Bhatta; J. Blatchford; J.P. Brodsky; E. Brown; T. Brunner; G.F. Cao; L. Cao; W.R. Cen; C. Chambers; S.A. Charlebois; M. Chiu; B. Cleveland; M. Coon; A. Craycraft; J. Dalmasson; T. Daniels; L. Darroch; S.J. Daugherty; A. De St. Croix; A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian; R. DeVoe; J. Dilling; Y.Y. Ding; M.J. Dolinski; A. Dragone; J. Echevers; M. Elbeltagi; L. Fabris; D. Fairbank; W. Fairbank; J. Farine; S. Feyzbakhsh; R. Fontaine; P. Gautam; G. Giacomini; R. Gornea; G. Gratta; E.V. Hansen; M. Heffner; E.W. Hoppe; J. Hößl; A. House; M. Hughes; Y. Ito; A. Iverson; A. Jamil; M.J. Jewell; X.S. Jiang; A. Karelin; L.J. Kaufman; D. Kodroff; T. Koffas; R. Krücken; A. Kuchenkov; K.S. Kumar; Y. Lan; A. Larson; B.G. Lenardo; D.S. Leonard; S. Li; Z. Li; C. Licciardi; Y.H. Lin; P. Lv; R. MacLellan; T. McElroy; M. Medina-Peregrina; T. Michel; B. Mong; D.C. Moore; K. Murray; P. Nakarmi; R.J. Newby; Z. Ning; O. Njoya; F. Nolet; O. Nusair; K. Odgers; A. Odian; M. Oriunno; J.L. Orrell; G.S. Ortega; I. Ostrovskiy; C.T. Overman; S. Parent; A. Piepke; A. Pocar; J.-F. Pratte; D. Qiu; V. Radeka; E. Raguzin; S. Rescia; M. Richman; A. Robinson; T. Rossignol; P.C. Rowson; N. Roy; R. Saldanha; S. Sangiorgio; K. Skarpaas; A.K. Soma; G. St-Hilaire; V. Stekhanov; T. Stiegler; X.L. Sun; M. Tarka; J. Todd; T. Tolba; T.I. Totev; R. Tsang; F. Vachon; V. Veeraraghavan; G. Visser; J.-L. Vuilleumier; M. Wagenpfeil; M. Walent; Q. Wang; J. Watkins; M. Weber; W. Wei; L.J. Wen; U. Wichoski; S.X. Wu; W.H. Wu; X. Wu; Q. Xia; H. Yang; L. Yang; Y.-R. Yen; O. Zeldovich; J. Zhao; Y. Zhou; T. Ziegler; Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.096

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Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO

Journal article

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Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO

G. Gallina, P. Giampa, F. Retière, J. Kroeger, G. Zhang, M. Ward, P. Margetak, G. Li, T. Tsang, L. Doria, …

Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment, v 940(C), pp 371-379

01 Oct 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.096

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Abstract

Hamamatsu

MPPCs

nEXO

PDE

SiPMs

VUV4

In this paper we report on the characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 (S/N: S13370-6152) Vacuum Ultra-Violet (VUV) sensitive Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPC)s as part of the development of a solution for the detection of liquid xenon scintillation light for the nEXO experiment. Various MPPC features, such as: dark noise, gain, correlated avalanches, direct crosstalk and Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) were measured in a dedicated setup at TRIUMF. MPPCs were characterized in the range 163K≤T≤233K. At an over voltage of 3.1±0.2 V and at T=163K we report a number of Correlated Avalanches (CAs) per pulse in the 1μs interval following the trigger pulse of 0.161±0.005. At the same settings the Dark-Noise (DN) rate is 0.137±0.002Hz/mm2. Both the number of CAs and the DN rate are within nEXO specifications. The PDE of the Hamamatsu VUV4 was measured for two different devices at T=233K for a mean wavelength of 189±7nm. At 3.6±0.2 V and 3.5±0.2 V of over voltage we report a PDE of 13.4±2.6% and 11±2%, corresponding to a saturation PDE of 14.8±2.8% and 12.2±2.3%, respectively. Both values are well below the 24% saturation PDE advertised by Hamamatsu. More generally, the second device tested at 3.5±0.2 V of over voltage is below the nEXO PDE requirement. The first one instead yields a PDE that is marginally close to meeting the nEXO specifications. This suggests that with modest improvements the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs could be considered as an alternative to the FBK-LF Silicon Photo-Multipliers for the final design of the nEXO detector.

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Title: Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO
Creators: G. Gallina - TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
P. Giampa - TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
F. Retière - TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
J. Kroeger - TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
G. Zhang - TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
M. Ward - TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
P. Margetak - TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
G. Li - Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
T. Tsang - Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
L. Doria - TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
S. Al Kharusi - Physics Department, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
M. Alfaris - Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
G. Anton - Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
I.J. Arnquist - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
I. Badhrees - Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
P.S. Barbeau - Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, NC 27708, USA
D. Beck - Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
V. Belov - Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 117218, Russia
T. Bhatta - Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
J. Blatchford - Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
J.P. Brodsky - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
E. Brown - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
T. Brunner - McGill University
G.F. Cao - Chinese Academy of Sciences
L. Cao - Chinese Academy of Sciences
W.R. Cen - Chinese Academy of Sciences
C. Chambers - Colorado State University
S.A. Charlebois - Université de Sherbrooke
M. Chiu - Brookhaven National Laboratory
B. Cleveland - Laurentian University
M. Coon - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
A. Craycraft - Colorado State University
J. Dalmasson - Stanford University
T. Daniels - University of North Carolina Wilmington
L. Darroch - McGill University
S.J. Daugherty - Indiana University
A. De St. Croix - University of British Columbia
A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian - Laurentian University
R. DeVoe - Stanford University
J. Dilling - University of British Columbia
Y.Y. Ding - Chinese Academy of Sciences
M.J. Dolinski - Drexel University
A. Dragone - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
J. Echevers - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
M. Elbeltagi - Carleton University
L. Fabris - Oak Ridge National Laboratory
D. Fairbank - Colorado State University
W. Fairbank - Colorado State University
J. Farine - Laurentian University
S. Feyzbakhsh - University of Massachusetts Amherst
R. Fontaine - Université de Sherbrooke
P. Gautam - Drexel University
G. Giacomini - Brookhaven National Laboratory
R. Gornea - Carleton University
G. Gratta - Stanford University
E.V. Hansen - Drexel University
M. Heffner - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
E.W. Hoppe - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
J. Hößl - University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
A. House - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
M. Hughes - University of Alabama
Y. Ito - McGill University
A. Iverson - Colorado State University
A. Jamil - Wright Laboratory
M.J. Jewell - Stanford University
X.S. Jiang - Chinese Academy of Sciences
A. Karelin - Kurchatov Institute
L.J. Kaufman - Indiana University
D. Kodroff - University of Massachusetts Amherst
T. Koffas - Carleton University
R. Krücken - University of British Columbia
A. Kuchenkov - Kurchatov Institute
K.S. Kumar - Stony Brook University
Y. Lan - University of British Columbia
A. Larson - University of South Dakota
B.G. Lenardo - Stanford University
D.S. Leonard - IBS Center for Underground Physics, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
S. Li - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Z. Li - Wright Laboratory
C. Licciardi - Laurentian University
Y.H. Lin - Drexel University
P. Lv - Chinese Academy of Sciences
R. MacLellan - University of South Dakota
T. McElroy - McGill University
M. Medina-Peregrina - McGill University
T. Michel - University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
B. Mong - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
D.C. Moore - Yale University
K. Murray - McGill University
P. Nakarmi - University of Alabama
R.J. Newby - Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Z. Ning - Chinese Academy of Sciences
O. Njoya - Stony Brook University
F. Nolet - Université de Sherbrooke
O. Nusair - University of Alabama
K. Odgers - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
A. Odian - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
M. Oriunno - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
J.L. Orrell - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
G.S. Ortega - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
I. Ostrovskiy - University of Alabama
C.T. Overman - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
S. Parent - Université de Sherbrooke
A. Piepke - University of Alabama
A. Pocar - University of Massachusetts Amherst
J.-F. Pratte - Université de Sherbrooke
D. Qiu - Chinese Academy of Sciences
V. Radeka - Brookhaven National Laboratory
E. Raguzin - Brookhaven National Laboratory
S. Rescia - Brookhaven National Laboratory
M. Richman - Drexel University
A. Robinson - Laurentian University
T. Rossignol - Université de Sherbrooke
P.C. Rowson - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
N. Roy - Université de Sherbrooke
R. Saldanha - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
S. Sangiorgio - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
K. Skarpaas - Stanford University
A.K. Soma - University of Alabama
G. St-Hilaire - Université de Sherbrooke
V. Stekhanov - Kurchatov Institute
T. Stiegler - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
X.L. Sun - Chinese Academy of Sciences
M. Tarka - University of Massachusetts Amherst
J. Todd - Colorado State University
T. Tolba - Chinese Academy of Sciences
T.I. Totev - McGill University
R. Tsang - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
F. Vachon - Université de Sherbrooke
V. Veeraraghavan - University of Alabama
G. Visser - Indiana University
J.-L. Vuilleumier - University of Bern
M. Wagenpfeil - University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
M. Walent - Laurentian University
Q. Wang - Chinese Academy of Sciences
J. Watkins - Carleton University
M. Weber - Stanford University
W. Wei - Chinese Academy of Sciences
L.J. Wen - Chinese Academy of Sciences
U. Wichoski - Laurentian University
S.X. Wu - Stanford University
W.H. Wu - Chinese Academy of Sciences
X. Wu - Chinese Academy of Sciences
Q. Xia - Wright Laboratory
H. Yang - Chinese Academy of Sciences
L. Yang - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Y.-R. Yen - Drexel University
O. Zeldovich - Kurchatov Institute
J. Zhao - Chinese Academy of Sciences
Y. Zhou - Chinese Academy of Sciences
T. Ziegler - University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Publication Details: Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment, v 940(C), pp 371-379
Publisher: Elsevier
Resource Type: Journal article
Language: English
Academic Unit: Information Science; Microbiology and Immunology; Physics
Web of Science ID: WOS:000475349600051
Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85067861938
Other Identifier: 991019168531304721

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Web of Science research areas: Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields

Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO

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