Journal article
Chlorine Inactivation of Adenovirus Type 40 and Feline Calicivirus
Applied and environmental microbiology, v 69(7), pp 3979-3985
Jul 2003
PMID: 12839771
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Ct
values, the concentration of free chlorine multiplied by time of contact with virus, were determined for free-chlorine inactivation experiments carried out with chloroform-extracted (dispersed) and non-chloroform-extracted (aggregated) feline calicivirus (FCV), adenovirus type 40 (AD40), and polio virus type 1 (PV-1). Experiments were carried out with high and low pH and temperature conditions.
Ct
values were calculated directly from bench-scale free-chlorine inactivation experiments and from application of the efficiency factor Hom model. For each experimental condition,
Ct
values were higher at pH 8 than at pH 6, higher at 5°C than at 15°C, and higher for dispersed AD40 (dAD40) than for dispersed FCV (dFCV). dFCV and dAD40 were more sensitive to free chlorine than dispersed PV-1 (dPV-1).
Ct
s for 2 log inactivation of aggregated FCV (aFCV) and aggregated PV-1 (aPV-1) were 31.0 and 2.8 orders of magnitude higher than those calculated from experiments carried out with dispersed virus.
Ct
s for 2 log inactivation of dFCV and dAD40 in treated groundwater at 15°C were 1.2 and 13.7 times greater than in buffered-demand-free (BDF) water experiments at 5°C.
Ct
values listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Guidance Manual were close to, or lower than,
Ct
values generated for experiments conducted with dispersed and aggregated viruses suspended in BDF water and for dispersed viruses suspended in treated groundwater. Since the state of viruses in water is most likely to be aggregated and associated with organic or inorganic matter, reevaluation of the EPA Guidance Manual
Ct
values is necessary, since they would not be useful for ensuring inactivation of viruses in these states. Under the tested conditions, dAD40, dFCV, aFCV, dPV-1, and aPV-1 particles would be inactivated by commonly used free chlorine concentrations (1 mg/liter) and contact times (60 to 237 min) applied for drinking water treatment in the United States.
Metrics
Details
- Title
- Chlorine Inactivation of Adenovirus Type 40 and Feline Calicivirus
- Creators
- Jeanette A Thurston-Enriquez - Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583Charles N Haas - Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583Joseph Jacangelo - Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583Charles P Gerba - Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
- Publication Details
- Applied and environmental microbiology, v 69(7), pp 3979-3985
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000184082100039
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-0038154374
- Other Identifier
- 991014877826404721
UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
This publication has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:
InCites Highlights
Data related to this publication, from InCites Benchmarking & Analytics tool:
- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
- Microbiology