Journal article
"Complete Streets" and Adult Bicyclist Fatalities: Applying G-Computation to Evaluate an Intervention That Affects the Size of a Population at Risk
American journal of epidemiology, v 187(9), pp 2038-2045
01 Sep 2018
PMID: 29767676
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
"Complete streets" policies require transportation engineers to make provisions for pedestrians, bicyclists, and mass transit users. These policies may make bicycling safer for individual cyclists while increasing the overall number of bicycle fatalities if more people cycle due to improved infrastructure. We merged county-level records of complete streets policies with Fatality Analysis Reporting System counts of cyclist fatalities occurring between January 2000 and December 2015. Because comprehensive county-level estimates of numbers of cyclists were not available, we used bicycle commuter estimates from the American Community Survey and the US Census as a proxy for the cycling population and limited analysis to 183 counties (accounting for over half of the US population) for which cycle commuting estimates were consistently nonzero. We used G-computation to estimate the effect of complete streets policies on overall numbers of cyclist fatalities while also accounting for potential policy effects on the size of the cycling population. Over a period of 16 years, 5,254 cyclists died in these counties, representing 34 fatalities per 100,000 cyclist-years. We estimated that complete streets policies made cycling safer, averting 0.6 fatalities per 100,000 cyclist-years (95% confidence interval: -1.0, -0.3) by encouraging a 2.4% increase in cycling but producing only a 0.7% increase in cyclist fatalities. G-computation is a useful tool for understanding the impact of policy on risk and exposure.
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Details
- Title
- "Complete Streets" and Adult Bicyclist Fatalities: Applying G-Computation to Evaluate an Intervention That Affects the Size of a Population at Risk
- Creators
- Stephen J. Mooney - Harborview Injury Prevention and Research CenterCaroline Magee - Amherst CollegeKolena Dang - University of WashingtonJulie C. Leonard - The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalJingzhen Yang - The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalFrederick P. Rivara - Harborview Injury Prevention and Research CenterBeth E. Ebel - Harborview Injury Prevention and Research CenterAli Rowhani-Rahbar - Harborview Injury Prevention and Research CenterD. Alex Quistberg - Drexel University
- Publication Details
- American journal of epidemiology, v 187(9), pp 2038-2045
- Publisher
- Oxford Univ Press
- Number of pages
- 8
- Grant note
- 5T32HD057822-07 / Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD) T32HD057822 / EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Urban Health Collaborative
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000443542000024
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85055093907
- Other Identifier
- 991019168789504721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Public, Environmental & Occupational Health