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Development and characterization of positively selected brain-adapted SIV
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Development and characterization of positively selected brain-adapted SIV

Peter J Gaskill, Debbie D Watry, Tricia H Burdo and Howard S Fox
Virology journal, v 2(1), pp 44-44
12 May 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-2-44
PMID: 15890081
Featured in Collection :   UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
url
https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1743-422X-2-44View
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open
url
https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-2-44View
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open

Abstract

HIV is found in the brains of most infected individuals but only 30% develop neurological disease. Both viral and host factors are thought to contribute to the motor and cognitive disorders resulting from HIV infection. Here, using the SIV/rhesus monkey system, we characterize the salient characteristics of the virus from the brain of animals with neuropathological disorders. Nine unique molecular clones of SIV were derived from virus released by microglia cultured from the brains of two macaques with SIV encephalitis. Sequence analysis revealed a remarkably high level of similarity between their env and nef genes as well as their 3' LTR. As this genotype was found in the brains of two separate animals, and it encoded a set of distinct amino acid changes from the infecting virus, it demonstrates the convergent evolution of the virus to a unique brain-adapted genotype. This genotype was distinct from other macrophage-tropic and neurovirulent strains of SIV. Functional characterization of virus derived from representative clones showed a robust in vitro infection of 174xCEM cells, primary macrophages and primary microglia. The infectious phenotype of this virus is distinct from that shown by other strains of SIV, potentially reflecting the method by which the virus successfully infiltrates and infects the CNS. Positive in vivo selection of a brain-adapted strain of SIV resulted in a near-homogeneous strain of virus with distinct properties that may give clues to the viral basis of neuroAIDS.

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