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Development of an instrument to measure perceived gentrification for health research: Perceptions about changes in environments and residents (PACER)
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Development of an instrument to measure perceived gentrification for health research: Perceptions about changes in environments and residents (PACER)

Jana A. Hirsch, Heidi E. Grunwald, Keisha L. Miles and Yvonne L. Michael
SSM - population health, v 15, 100900
Sep 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100900
PMID: 34485674
Featured in Collection :   UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
url
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100900View
Published, Version of Record (VoR)CC BY-NC-ND V4.0,  Open

Abstract

Displacement Environment Gentrification Neighborhood Social determinants of health Survey methodology
Despite a myriad of potential pathways linking neighborhood change and gentrification to health, existing quantitative measures failed to capture individual-level, self-reported perceptions of these processes. We developed the Perceptions About Change in Environment and Residents (PACER) survey to measure the gentrification-related neighborhood change experienced by individuals relevant to health. We employed a multi-stage process to develop PACER including a scoping review, question refinement, content validity, and cognitive interviews. Content validity and cognitive interviews were assessed within the National Neighborhood Indicators Partnership (NNIP) and for residents of different tenure in both gentrifying and non-gentrifying neighborhoods to ensure PACER considers the complex nature of neighborhood change for different people within different urban contexts. We piloted the instrument to a sample from the resident panel BeHeardPhilly to assess acceptability and data quality. Finally, we assessed internal consistency, dimensionality, and criterion-related validity using Principal Components Analysis (PCA), descriptive statistics, and correlation coefficients. Testing showed good internal consistency for PACER questions, as well as for each of four resulting factors (Feelings, Built Environment, Social Environment, and Affordability). Correlations between factors and other context measures demonstrated strong criterion-related validity. PACER offers an unprecedented tool for measuring and understanding resident perceptions about gentrification-related neighborhood change relevant to health. Rigorously tested and tailored for health, PACER holds utility for application across different settings to examine changes from events that may impact and shift neighborhoods. •New survey tool of neighborhood change and gentrification is presented.•This validation study found strong construct validity and reliability.•Measures can be used to study the impacts of neighborhood change on health of residents.

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16 citations in Web of Science
12 citations in Scopus

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UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This publication has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:

#11 Sustainable Cities and Communities

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Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
Web of Science research areas
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
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