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Diabetes and uveitis. A large cohort evaluation of the association between glycaemic control and incident undifferentiated anterior uveitis. (The DULCE Study)
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Diabetes and uveitis. A large cohort evaluation of the association between glycaemic control and incident undifferentiated anterior uveitis. (The DULCE Study)

Courtney Oliver, Nicolas Gasquet, Meghan K Berkenstock and Paulina Liberman
Eye (London)
16 Apr 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-026-04464-7
PMID: 41992027
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Abstract

To determine whether the risk of incident, undifferentiated, anterior uveitis increases with worsening glycaemic control. This retrospective, multicentre cohort study analysed 12,192,033 adults (>= 18 years) from the TriNetX database (2010-2023). Individuals with pre-existing uveitis or systemic inflammatory diseases were excluded. The primary outcome was the incidence of undifferentiated anterior uveitis. HbA1c was modelled both categorically (non-diabetic, well-controlled diabetes [<8.0%], poorly controlled diabetes [>= 8.0%]) and continuously. Cox proportional hazards regression estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs); logistic regression modelled the continuous association. Increasing HbA1c levels were strongly associated with incident uveitis (P < 0.001). Compared with non-diabetic controls, risk was elevated among patients with well-controlled diabetes (aHR 3.25; 95% CI 3.16-3.34) and further increased with poor control (aHR 4.07; 95% CI 3.95-4.19). For each 1% rise in HbA1c, the odds of developing uveitis increased by 10% (adjusted OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.10-1.11). Predicted probabilities rose non-linearly, reaching 1.11% at HbA1c 18%. The risk of undifferentiated anterior uveitis increases with increasing HbA1c values.

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