Journal article
Differences in Opioid-Related Deaths in the Appalachian Region in 2018-2021 by State and Rural-Urban County Classification
Curēus (Palo Alto, CA), v 15(6), pp e40480-e40480
15 Jun 2023
PMID: 37461797
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
IntroductionThe rapid increase in opioid-related deaths since the early 2000s is a major US public health concern. This crisis has transitioned from pharmaceuticals to illicit synthetic opioids and street mixtures. This epidemic has significantly impacted the Appalachian region. This study investigated opioid-related death rates among the Appalachian states, focusing on death rates among urban, suburban, and rural counties.MethodsOpioid-related death data from 2018-2021 for the 13 states that make up the Appalachian region were collected using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database. Opioid analgesic overdose deaths were defined using ICD-10 codes X40 -X44, X60-X64, and Y10-Y14, where an opioid analgesic was also coded (T40.2-T40.4). US census data was used to calculate opioid-related death rates by population. Counties were classified as urban, suburban, and rural using the 2013 Rural-Urban Continuum Codes from the US Department of Agriculture. The data were descriptively broken down and reported as either percentages or means.ResultsOf the opioid-related deaths between 2018 and 2021, 498 counties were identified in the 13 Appalachian states as having reported at least 10 opioid-related deaths per year. Among these counties, 337 (67.7%) were classified as urban/metropolitan, 138 (27.7%) as suburban, and 23 (4.62%) as rural. Overall, mean opioid-related deaths by populations per 1000 among all counties were 0.24 in 2018, 0.24 in 2019, 0.33 in 2020, and 0.38 in 2021. For urban/metropolitan counties, opioid-related deaths per 1000 gradually increased from 0.23 in 2018 to 0.35 in 2021. For suburban counties, the mean opioid-related deaths per 1000 increased from 0.25 in 2018 to 0.43 in 2021. For rural counties, the mean opioid-related deaths per 1000 increased from 0.43 in 2018 to 0.62 in 2021.ConclusionOpioid-related deaths, on average and by population, have risen steadily in the Appalachian region from 2018-2021 across all geographic areas (urban/metropolitan, suburban, rural). Rural counties consistently showed the highest opioid-related deaths per population compared to urban/metropolitan and suburban areas. Addressing social determinants of health such as income level, education level, healthcare access, and community-based interventions is crucial in combating this issue. Community and health system interventions must be implemented to combat the disproportionately high rate of opioid prescribing in the Appalachian region.
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Details
- Title
- Differences in Opioid-Related Deaths in the Appalachian Region in 2018-2021 by State and Rural-Urban County Classification
- Creators
- Santiago Rengifo - Rothman Orthopaed Inst, Fdn Opioid Res & Educ, Philadelphia, PA USAAlice Wu - Thomas Jefferson UniversityPatrick Ioffreda - Thomas Jefferson UniversityAsif M. Ilyas - Drexel University
- Publication Details
- Curēus (Palo Alto, CA), v 15(6), pp e40480-e40480
- Publisher
- Springer Nature
- Number of pages
- 7
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Pediatrics
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001035938400035
- Other Identifier
- 991021838144604721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Public, Environmental & Occupational Health