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Effects of aqueous stable fullerene nanocrystal (nC(60)) on copper (trace necessary nutrient metal): Enhanced toxicity and accumulation of copper in Daphnia magna
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Effects of aqueous stable fullerene nanocrystal (nC(60)) on copper (trace necessary nutrient metal): Enhanced toxicity and accumulation of copper in Daphnia magna

Xianji Tao, Yiliang He, John D. Fortner, Yongsheng Chen and Joseph B. Hughes
Chemosphere (Oxford), v 92(9), pp 1245-1252
01 Aug 2013
PMID: 23755985

Abstract

Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Science & Technology
Our focus herein is to evaluate the potential interaction between nC(60) and copper, a trace necessary metal, in light of the impact on toxicity. The non-observable effects concentration (NOEC) of nC(60) was confirmed as 100 mu g L-1 before. When Daphnia magna was exposed to the mixture of copper solution and nC(60) suspension (100 mu g L-1), LC50 of 48 h was lower than that when they were exposed to copper solution alone. This result clearly showed the decrease in NOEC of copper at the presence of nC(60). Cu2+-ATPase activity was enhanced at the presence of nC(60), indicating that copper transport involved with the uptake, distribution and depuration in body was increased. We further conducted experiments on accumulation of copper in D. magna. The observed equilibrium copper concentration in D. magna in the mixture of 100 mu g L-1 nC(60) and 1 mu g L-1 copper solution reached 131 mu g (kg wet weight)(-1), which was more than twice that in copper solution only: 60 mu g (kg wet weight)(-1). This result demonstrated that the accumulation of copper in D. magna was significantly enhanced at the presence of even low nC(60) concentration. Experiments also showed that copper was quickly adsorbed onto nC(60). The absorption of copper onto D. magna was statistically correlated to the absorption of nC(60) onto D. magna; this might be caused by nC(60) facilitating the transfer of copper into D. magna. The absorption and desorption of copper to nC(60) (pH = 5.0) reached equilibrium quickly, which may be involved with the co-bioaccumulation and decrease in NOEC of Cu2+ and nC(60). (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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