Journal article
Emission modeling of styrene from vinyl ester resins
Clean technologies and environmental policy, v 9(4)
Nov 2007
Abstract
The use of vinyl ester (VE) resins in the composites industry has increased in the last decade, and the trend is projected to continue. Styrene is a commonly used co-monomer in VE resins, which acts as a reactive diluent and is required in many liquid molding methods to reduce viscosity and increase gel time. The emission rate of styrene from VE resins is affected by various parameters, including styrene content, temperature, and resin surface-to-volume ratio. This study experimentally measured the effect of these parameters on styrene emission rates from VE resins. It was observed that the emission rate and amount of styrene decreased with decreasing surface-to-volume ratio, temperature, and styrene content. It is also shown that diffusion coefficient and evaporation coefficient of styrene have an exponential relationship with temperature, while they remained constant with initial styrene concentration and aspect ratio. Emission rate and amount decreased with increasing resin initial depth to radius ratio. The emission profiles were self-similar for different aspect ratios and were scaled by the ratio of the instantaneous sample depth to radius. Overall, the effect of these various parameters on the emission profile can be accurately modeled using a modification of a simple one-dimensional diffusion model based on the Crank solution to diffusion through a planar sheet.
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Details
- Title
- Emission modeling of styrene from vinyl ester resins
- Creators
- John La Scala - U.S. Army Research Laboratory Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, AMSRD-ARL-WM Building 4600 Aberdeen Proving Grounds MD 21005 USAChad Ulven - Department of Mechanical Engineering North Dakota State University Dolve 111 P.O. Box 5285 Fargo ND 58105 USAJoshua Orlicki - U.S. Army Research Laboratory Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, AMSRD-ARL-WM Building 4600 Aberdeen Proving Grounds MD 21005 USARahul Jain - Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USAGiuseppe Palmese - Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Drexel University 3141 Chestnut Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USAUday Vaidya - Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USAJames Sands - U.S. Army Research Laboratory Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, AMSRD-ARL-WM Building 4600 Aberdeen Proving Grounds MD 21005 USA
- Publication Details
- Clean technologies and environmental policy, v 9(4)
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag; Berlin/Heidelberg
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000260825900005
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-36549058766
- Other Identifier
- 991014878231304721
InCites Highlights
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Engineering, Environmental
- Environmental Sciences
- Green & Sustainable Science & Technology