Journal article
Endogenous opioids: The downside of opposing stress
Neurobiology of stress, v 1(1), pp 23-32
01 Jan 2015
PMID: 25506603
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Our dynamic environment regularly exposes us to potentially life-threatening challenges or stressors. To answer these challenges and maintain homeostasis, the stress response, an innate coordinated engagement of central and peripheral neural systems is initiated. Although essential for survival, the inappropriate initiation of the stress response or its continuation after the stressor is terminated has pathological consequences that have been linked to diverse neuropsychiatric and medical diseases. Substantial individual variability exists in the pathological consequences of stressors. A theme of this Special Issue is that elucidating the basis of individual differences in resilience or its flipside, vulnerability, will greatly advance our ability to prevent and treat stress-related diseases. This can be approached by studying individual differences in "pro-stress" mediators such as corticosteroids or the hypothalamic orchestrator of the stress response, corticotropin-releasing factor. More recently, the recognition of endogenous neuromodulators with "anti-stress" activity that have opposing actions or that restrain stress-response systems suggests additional bases for individual differences in stress pathology. These "anti-stress" neuromodulators offer alternative strategies for manipulating the stress response and its pathological consequences. This review uses the major brain norepinephrine system as a model stress-response system to demonstrate how co-regulation by opposing pro-stress (corticotropin-releasing factor) and anti-stress (enkephalin) neuromodulators must be fine-tuned to produce an adaptive response to stress. The clinical consequences of tipping this fine-tuned balance in the direction of either the pro- or anti-stress systems are emphasized. Finally, that each system provides multiple points at which individual differences could confer stress vulnerability or resilience is discussed. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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Details
- Title
- Endogenous opioids: The downside of opposing stress
- Creators
- Rita J. Valentino - Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaElisabeth Van Bockstaele - Drexel University
- Publication Details
- Neurobiology of stress, v 1(1), pp 23-32
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Number of pages
- 10
- Grant note
- MH040008 / National Institute of Mental Health; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) DA09082 / National Institute on Drug Abuse; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) DARPA 58077 LSDRP / Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; United States Department of Defense; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Pharmacology and Physiology
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000443081900003
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-84921910396
- Other Identifier
- 991021903288804721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Neurosciences