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Journal article
Exposure to atrazine and selected non-persistent pesticides among corn farmers during a growing season
Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, v 19(6), pp 544-554
01 Sep 2009
PMCID: PMC3048843
PMID: 19052531
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
The aim was to develop quantitative estimates of farmers' pesticide exposure to atrazine and to provide an overview of background levels of selected nonpersistent pesticides among corn farmers in a longitudinal molecular epidemiologic study. The study population consisted of 30 Agricultural Health Study farmers from Iowa and 10 non-farming controls. Farmers completed daily and weekly diaries from March to November in 2002 and 2003 on pesticide use and other exposure determinants. Urine samples were collected at 10 time points relative to atrazine application and other farming activities. Pesticide exposure was assessed using urinary metabolites and diaries. The analytical limit of detection (LOD) ranged between 0.1 and 0.2 mu g/l for all pesticide analytes except for isazaphos (1.5 mu g/l) and diazinon (0.7 mu g/l). Farmers had higher geometric mean urinary atrazine mercapturate (AZM) values than controls during planting (1.1 vs < LOD mu g/g creatinine; P < 0.05). AZM levels among farmers were significantly related to the amount of atrazine applied (P = 0.015). Interestingly, farmers had a larger proportion of samples above the LOD than controls even after exclusion of observations with an atrazine application within 7 days before urine collection (38% vs 6%, P < 0.0001). A similar pattern was observed for 2,4-D and acetochlor (92% vs 47%, P < 0.0001 and 45% vs 4%, P < 0.0001, respectively). Urinary AZM levels in farmers were largely driven by recent application of atrazine. Therefore, the amount of atrazine applied is likely to provide valid surrogates of atrazine exposure in epidemiologic studies. Elevated background levels of non-persistent pesticides, especially 2,4-D, indicate importance in epidemiologic studies of capturing pesticide exposures that might not be directly related to the actual application. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2009) 19, 544-554; doi:10.1038/jes.2008.53; published online 3 December 2008
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Details
- Title
- Exposure to atrazine and selected non-persistent pesticides among corn farmers during a growing season
- Creators
- Berit Bakke - United States Department of Health and Human ServicesAnneclaire J. De Roos - University of WashingtonDana B. Barr - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USAPatricia A. Stewart - United States Department of Health and Human ServicesAaron Blair - United States Department of Health and Human ServicesLaura Beane Freeman - NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, Rockville, MD 20852 USACharles F. Lynch - University of IowaRuth H. Allen - US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USAMichael C. R. Alavanja - United States Department of Health and Human ServicesRoel Vermeulen - United States Department of Health and Human Services
- Publication Details
- Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, v 19(6), pp 544-554
- Publisher
- Springer Nature
- Number of pages
- 11
- Grant note
- Environmental Protection Agency, USA; United States Environmental Protection Agency National Institutes of Health; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA ZIACP010119 / NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI) National Cancer Institute; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Environmental and Occupational Health
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000269076100003
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-69249230965
- Other Identifier
- 991020099190904721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Environmental Sciences
- Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
- Toxicology