First Measurement of Neutrino Emissions from Spent Nuclear Fuel by the Double Chooz Experiment

T Abrahão; H Almazan; J.C dos Anjos; S Appel; J.C Barriere; I Bekman; T.J.C Bezerra; L Bezrukov; E Blucher; C Bourgeois; C Buck; J Busenitz; A Cabrera; M Cerrada; E Chauveau; P Chimenti; O Corpace; J.V Dawson; J.F Du; Z Djurcic; A Etenko; H Furuta; I Gil-Botella; A Givaudan; H Gomez; M.C Goodman; T Hara; J Haser; D Hellwig; A Hourlier; M Ishitsuka; J Jochum; C Jollet; K Kale; M Kaneda; M Karakac; T Kawasaki; E Kemp; D Kryn; M Kuze; T Lachenmaier; C.E Lane; T Lasserre; D Lhuillier; H.P Lima; M Lindner; J.M Losecco; B Lubsandorzhiev; J Maeda; C Mariani; J Maricic; J Martino; T Matsubara; G Mention; A Meregaglia; T Miletic; R Milincic; A Minotti; X Mougeot; D Navas-Nicolás; Y Nikitenko; P Novella; L Oberauer; M Obolensky; A Onillon; A Oralbaev; C Palomares; I.M Pepe; L Perisse; G Pronost; J Reichenbacher; S Schönert; S Schoppmann; L Scola; R Sharankova; V Sibille; V Sinev; M Skorokhvatov; P Soldin; A Stahl; I Stancu; M.R Stock; L.F.F Stokes; F Suekane; S Sukhotin; T Sumiyoshi; C Veyssiere; B Viaud; M Vivier; S Wagner; C Wiebusch; G Yang; F Yermia; Double Chooz Collaboration

doi:10.1103/dr26-j19g

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First Measurement of Neutrino Emissions from Spent Nuclear Fuel by the Double Chooz Experiment

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First Measurement of Neutrino Emissions from Spent Nuclear Fuel by the Double Chooz Experiment

T Abrahão, H Almazan, J.C dos Anjos, S Appel, J.C Barriere, I Bekman, T.J.C Bezerra, L Bezrukov, E Blucher, C Bourgeois, …

Phys.Rev.Lett, v 137(6), 061803

Aug 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/dr26-j19g

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Abstract

High Energy Physics - Experiment

Physics

Neutrino emission from nuclear reactors provides real-time insights into reactor power and fuel evolution, with potential applications in monitoring and nuclear safeguards. Following reactor shutdown, a low-intensity flux of ``residual neutrinos'' persists due to the decay of long-lived fission isotopes in the partially burnt fuel remaining within the reactor cores and in spent nuclear fuel stored in nearby cooling pools. The Double Chooz experiment at the Chooz B nuclear power plant in France achieved the first quantitative measurement of this residual flux based on 17.2 days of reactor-off data. In the energy range where the residual signal is most pronounced, the neutrino detector located 400 m from the cores recorded106 ± 18neutrino candidate events (5.9 σsignificance). This measurement is in excellent agreement with the predicted value of88 ± 7events derived from detailed reactor simulations modeling the decay activities of fission products and incorporating the best-available models of neutrino spectra.

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Title: First Measurement of Neutrino Emissions from Spent Nuclear Fuel by the Double Chooz Experiment
Creators: T Abrahão - Université Paris Cité
H Almazan - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
J.C dos Anjos
S Appel - Technical University of Munich
J.C Barriere - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
I Bekman - RWTH Aachen University
T.J.C Bezerra - Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées
L Bezrukov
E Blucher - University of Chicago
C Bourgeois - Université Paris-Saclay
C Buck - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
J Busenitz - University of Alabama
A Cabrera - Université Paris Cité
M Cerrada - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
E Chauveau - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
P Chimenti - Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas
O Corpace - Université Paris-Saclay
J.V Dawson - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
J.F Du - Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie
Z Djurcic - Argonne National Laboratory
A Etenko
H Furuta - Tohoku University
I Gil-Botella - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
A Givaudan - Université Paris Cité
H Gomez - Université Paris Cité
M.C Goodman
T Hara - Kobe University
J Haser - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
D Hellwig - RWTH Aachen University
A Hourlier - Université Paris Cité
M Ishitsuka - Institute of Science Tokyo
J Jochum - University of Tübingen
C Jollet - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
K Kale - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
M Kaneda - Institute of Science Tokyo
M Karakac - Université Paris Cité
T Kawasaki - Kitasato University
E Kemp - Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
D Kryn - Université Paris Cité
M Kuze - Institute of Science Tokyo
T Lachenmaier - University of Tübingen
C.E Lane
T Lasserre - Université Paris Cité
D Lhuillier - Université Paris-Saclay
H.P Lima
M Lindner - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
J.M Losecco
B Lubsandorzhiev
J Maeda - Kobe University
C Mariani
J Maricic - Drexel University
J Martino - Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées
T Matsubara - Tokyo Metropolitan University
G Mention - Université Paris-Saclay
A Meregaglia - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
T Miletic - Drexel University
R Milincic - Drexel University
A Minotti - Université Paris-Saclay
X Mougeot - Université Paris-Saclay
D Navas-Nicolás - Université Paris-Saclay
Y Nikitenko - RWTH Aachen University
P Novella - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
L Oberauer - Technical University of Munich
M Obolensky - Université Paris Cité
A Onillon - Université Paris-Saclay
A Oralbaev - Université Paris Cité
C Palomares - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
I.M Pepe
L Perisse - Université Paris-Saclay
G Pronost - Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées
J Reichenbacher - University of Alabama
S Schönert - Technical University of Munich
S Schoppmann - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
L Scola - Université Paris-Saclay
R Sharankova - Institute of Science Tokyo
V Sibille - Université Paris-Saclay
V Sinev
M Skorokhvatov
P Soldin - RWTH Aachen University
A Stahl - RWTH Aachen University
I Stancu - University of Alabama
M.R Stock
L.F.F Stokes
F Suekane - Tohoku University
S Sukhotin
T Sumiyoshi - Tokyo Metropolitan University
C Veyssiere - Université Paris-Saclay
B Viaud - Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées
M Vivier - Université Paris-Saclay
S Wagner - Université Paris Cité
C Wiebusch - RWTH Aachen University
G Yang - Argonne National Laboratory
F Yermia - Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées
Double Chooz Collaboration
Publication Details: Phys.Rev.Lett, v 137(6), 061803
Publisher: American Physical Society
Number of pages: 9
Grant note: Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratorium Garching in Germany Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Ministerio de Economa, Industria y Competitividad in Spain Department of Energy National Science Foundation in the United States Russian Academy of Sciences Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) So Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Brazilian Network for High Energy Physics (RENAFAE)
We thank the company Electricite de France (EDF) ; the European fund FEDER; the Region de Champagne-Ardenne; the Departement des Ardennes; and the Communaute de Communes Ardenne Rives de Meuse. We acknowledge the support of the CEA, CNRS and IN2P3, the computer center CC-IN2P3, and LabEx UnivEarthS in France; the Max Planck Gesellschaft, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG, the Transregional Collaborative Research Center TR27, the excellence cluster "Origin and Structure of the Universe," and the Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratorium Garching in Germany; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT) , and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) ; the Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad in Spain; the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation in the United States; the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Kurchatov Institute, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) ; the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) , the Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) , the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) , the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) , and the Brazilian Network for High Energy Physics (RENAFAE) .r Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratorium Garching in Germany; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT) , and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) ; the Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad in Spain; the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation in the United States; the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Kurchatov Institute, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) ; the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) , the Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) , the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) , the S & atilde;o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) , and the Brazilian Network for High Energy Physics (RENAFAE) .
Resource Type: Journal article
Language: English
Academic Unit: Physics
Web of Science ID: WOS:001843305600001
Other Identifier: 991022201736204721

First Measurement of Neutrino Emissions from Spent Nuclear Fuel by the Double Chooz Experiment

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