Journal article
Frontoparietal control-default mode connectivity predicts TMS effects on cognitive control
Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), v 4, 1298
14 Jul 2026
PMID: 42459500
Abstract
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a promising tool to probe and enhance cognitive control, yet effects are often inconsistent across individuals. These inconsistencies may arise from individual differences in Lateral Frontoparietal (Control) Network (L-FPN) and Medial Frontoparietal (Default) Network (M-FPN) interactions, essential for suppressing internal distraction and facilitating cognitive control. We tested whether baseline connectivity between the L-FPN and M-FPN moderates TMS outcomes in cognitive control tasks. We used the generalized drift rate as a task-general behavioral index of cognitive control, as it overcomes the reliability and interpretability limitations of standard difference measures. Participants completed inhibition (Stroop), working memory (n-back), and flexibility (Navon) tasks before and after intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) to the L-FPN, dorsal frontoparietal (attention) network (D-FPN), or cranial vertex. Stimulation targets were defined using individualized resting-state parcellations to maximize precision. We found that baseline connectivity moderated stimulation outcomes: individuals with more integrated L-FPN/M-FPN networks benefited most from L-FPN stimulation, whereas those with more segregated networks showed greater improvements from D-FPN stimulation. Notably, stimulation of a single site did not uniformly enhance performance, underscoring the importance of individual network profiles. These findings highlight L-FPN/M-FPN interactions as a basis for individualized TMS interventions and the utility of combining precise network mapping with robust behavioral modeling to optimize neuromodulation interventions.
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Details
- Title
- Frontoparietal control-default mode connectivity predicts TMS effects on cognitive control
- Creators
- Brian Kim - Drexel UniversityJohn D. Medaglia (Corresponding Author) - Drexel University
- Publication Details
- Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), v 4, 1298
- Publisher
- MIT Press
- Number of pages
- 16
- Grant note
- 1-DP5-OD-021352-01 / National Institutes of Health; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA 1-DP5-OD-021352-01 / Starfish Neuroscience
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Psychological and Brain Sciences (Psychology)
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001820531000002
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-105044659836
- Other Identifier
- 991022201344204721