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Journal article
Functional impact of HIV-1 Tat on cells of the CNS and its role in HAND
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, v 77(24), pp 5079-5099
01 Dec 2020
PMID: 32577796
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transactivator of transcription (Tat) is a potent mediator involved in the development of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Tat is expressed even in the presence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and is able to enter the central nervous system (CNS) through a variety of ways, where Tat can interact with microglia, astrocytes, brain microvascular endothelial cells, and neurons. The presence of low concentrations of extracellular Tat alone has been shown to lead to dysregulated gene expression, chronic cell activation, inflammation, neurotoxicity, and structural damage in the brain. The reported effects of Tat are dependent in part on the specific HIV-1 subtype and amino acid length of Tat used. HIV-1 subtype B Tat is the most common subtype in North American and therefore, most studies have been focused on subtype B Tat; however, studies have shown many genetic, biologic, and pathologic differences between HIV subtype B and subtype C Tat. This review will focus primarily on subtype B Tat where the full-length protein is 101 amino acids, but will also consider variants of Tat, such as Tat 72 and Tat 86, that have been reported to exhibit a number of distinctive activities with respect to mediating CNS damage and neurotoxicity.
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Details
- Title
- Functional impact of HIV-1 Tat on cells of the CNS and its role in HAND
- Creators
- Jamie Marino - Drexel UniversityMonique E. Maubert - Drexel UniversityAnthony R. Mele - Drexel UniversityCassandra Spector - Drexel UniversityBrian Wigdahl - Drexel UniversityMichael R. Nonnemacher - Drexel University
- Publication Details
- Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, v 77(24), pp 5079-5099
- Publisher
- Springer Nature
- Number of pages
- 21
- Grant note
- R01 NS089435 / Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, through National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) T32 MH079785 / Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health under Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award P30 MH092177 / Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, through NIMH Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center (CNAC)
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Microbiology and Immunology
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000542527700001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85086775369
- Other Identifier
- 991019168394704721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology