Journal article
Gender equality and smoking: a theory-driven approach to smoking gender differences in Spain
Tobacco control, v 25(3), pp 295-300
01 May 2016
PMID: 25701858
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Background The intersection between gender and class can aid in understanding gender differences in smoking.
Aim To analyse how changes in gender inequality relate to differences in smoking prevalence by gender, education and birth cohort in Spain over the past five decades (1960-2010).
Methods The Gender Inequality Index (GII) was calculated in 5-year intervals from 1960 to 2010. GII ranges from 0 to 1 (1=highest inequality) and encompasses three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and labour market. Estimates of female and male smoking prevalence were reconstructed from representative National Health Surveys and stratified by birth cohort and level of education. We calculated female-to-male smoking ratios from 1960 to 2010 stratified by education and birth cohort.
Results Gender inequality in Spain decreased from 0.65 to 0.09 over the past 50 years. This rapid decline was inversely correlated (r=-0.99) to a rising female-to-male smoking ratio. The youngest birth cohort of the study (born 1980-1990) and women with high education levels had similar smoking prevalences compared with men. Women with high levels of education were also the first to show a reduction in smoking prevalence, compared with less educated women.
Conclusions Gender inequality fell significantly in Spain over the past 50 years. This process was accompanied by converging trends in smoking prevalence for men and women. Smoking prevalence patterns varied greatly by birth cohort and education levels. Countries in earlier stages of the tobacco epidemic should consider gender-sensitive tobacco control measures and policies.
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Details
- Title
- Gender equality and smoking: a theory-driven approach to smoking gender differences in Spain
- Creators
- Usama Bilal - University of AlcaláPaula Beltran - University of AlcaláEsteve Fernandez - University of BarcelonaAna Navas-Acien - Johns Hopkins UniversityFrancisco Bolumar - City University of New YorkManuel Franco - Johns Hopkins University
- Publication Details
- Tobacco control, v 25(3), pp 295-300
- Publisher
- Bmj Publishing Group
- Number of pages
- 6
- Grant note
- 2009SGR192 / Ministry of Universities and Research, Government of Catalonia La Caixa Fellowship; La Caixa Foundation Enrique Najera grant for Young Epidemiologists - Sociedad Espanola de Epidemiologia RTICC RD06/0020/0089; RD12/0036/0053 / Instituto de Salud 390 Carlos III, Government of Spain Escuela Nacional de Sanidad
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Urban Health Collaborative
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000375221500011
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-84930260441
- Other Identifier
- 991019189075004721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
- Substance Abuse