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Geometry of free loci and factorization of noncommutative polynomials
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Geometry of free loci and factorization of noncommutative polynomials

J. William Helton, Igor Klep and Jurij Volčič
Advances in mathematics (New York. 1965), v 331, pp 589-626
20 Jun 2018
url
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2018.04.007View
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Restricted

Abstract

Factorization Invariant theory Linear matrix inequality Noncommutative polynomial Singularity locus Spectrahedron
The free singularity locus of a noncommutative polynomial f is defined to be the sequence of hypersurfaces Zn(f)={X∈Mn(k)g:det⁡f(X)=0}. The main theorem of this article shows that f is irreducible if and only if Zn(f) is eventually irreducible. A key step in the proof is an irreducibility result for linear pencils. Arising from this is a free singularity locus Nullstellensatz for noncommutative polynomials. Apart from consequences to factorization in a free algebra, the paper also discusses its applications to invariant subspaces in perturbation theory and linear matrix inequalities in real algebraic geometry.

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