Journal article
Global, regional, and national burden of road injuries 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
The Lancet. Public health, v 11(9), pp e589-e603
01 Sep 2026
PMID: 42476159
Abstract
Road injuries are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Years of international efforts have aimed to strengthen policy engagement, including the 2020 UN General Assembly's proclamation of the Second Decade of Action for Road Safety (2021–30), targeting a 50% reduction in road traffic deaths and serious injuries by 2030. The aim of this study is to provide estimates to monitor progress and identify intervention gaps.
As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2023, we estimated incidence, mortality, and morbidity of road injuries for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023. Four road injury types and 47 nature-of-injury categories were examined. Morbidity and mortality data from clinical records, vital registration, and police reports were harmonised using meta-analytic techniques to ensure consistency and correct for systematic bias. Incidence was modelled with the meta-regression tool Disease Modelling-Meta-Regression version 2.1 and cause-specific mortality with the Cause of Death Ensemble model, both incorporating location-specific covariates to support interpolation. Years of life lived with disability (YLDs) were estimated from the prevalence and severity of the nature of road injury, and years of life lost (YLLs) from the number of cause-specific deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were the sum of YLLs and YLDs. All metrics were calculated with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).
In 2023, there were 50·9 million (95% UI 46·1–56·1) road injury incident cases, 1·34 million (1·04–1·58) deaths, and 75·3 million (59·8–89·2) DALYs globally. Road injuries were the leading global cause of death among males aged 10–39 years. Between 1990 and 2023, age-standardised incidence decreased by 38·3% (95% UI 36·9–39·7) and mortality decreased by 32·3% (6·1–49·0), but progress varied widely by World Bank income group. Mortality in low-income countries (43·8 [95% UI 31·7–56·0] deaths per 100 000 population) was approximately six times higher than in high-income countries (7·5 [7·1–7·9] deaths per 100 000), despite the high-income countries showing the highest age-standardised incidence rates (858·1 [95% UI 781·9–947·1] cases per 100 000). In the past decade, many countries achieved notable reductions in road injuries, but others, including Ghana and the USA, saw increases. More severe injuries tended to occur in low-income and middle-income countries.
Although global incidence, mortality, and DALY rates from road injuries have declined, progress remains uneven, with pronounced disparities across income groups reflecting systemic inadequacies in infrastructure, vehicle standards, enforcement, and post-crash care. Strengthening emergency response, improving road design, enforcing safety measures, and adapting policies to the evolving demographics remain essential.
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- Title
- Global, regional, and national burden of road injuries 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
- Creators
- Stephanie C C van der Lubbe - NUS-IHME Global Burden of Disease Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeMadeline E Moberg - University of WashingtonDominique Aluquin - NUS-IHME Global Burden of Disease Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeYawen Zhou - NUS-IHME Global Burden of Disease Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeHailey Lenox - University of WashingtonAbdullah - Rawalpindi Medical UniversityBhoomadevi A - Amity UniversityHasan Aalruz - Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanUkachukwu O Abaraogu - University of the West of ScotlandZahra Abbasi Dolatabadi - Tehran University of Medical SciencesHedayat Abbastabar - Tehran University of Medical SciencesSiddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab - Jazan UniversityMeriem Abdoun - Department of Medicine, University of Setif Algeria, Sétif, AlgeriaZinat Abdrakhmanova - Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityDeldar Morad Abdulah - University of DuhokAuwal Abdullahi - Bayero University KanoToufik Abdul-Rahman - Department of Research, Toufik's World Medical Association, Sumy, UkraineTesfaye Birhanu Abebe - Salale UniversityArmita Abedi - Zanjan University of Medical SciencesHansani Madushika Abeywickrama - Niigata UniversityOlumide Abiodun - Babcock UniversityRichard Gyan Aboagye - University of Health and Allied SciencesAbdullahi Tunde Aborode - Department of Research and Development, Healthy Africans Platform, Ibadan, NigeriaNagah M Abourashed - Benha UniversityMohamed Abouzid - Poznan University of Medical SciencesTeklebirhan Abrha Abrha - Adigrat UniversityDariush Abtahi - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesFuad Hamdi A Abuadas - Al-Ahliyya Amman UniversityAminu Kende Abubakar - St. Luke's International UniversityRana Kamal Abu-Farha - Applied Science Private UniversityAhmad Y Abuhelwa - Department Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesHana J Abukhadijah - Hamad Medical CorporationNiveen ME Abu-Rmeileh - Qatar UniversityDina Abushanab - Qatar UniversityApurba Acharya - Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinKiran Acharya - Department of Research, New ERA, Kathmandu, NepalAishah Fadila Adamu - University of Health and Allied SciencesIsaac Yeboah Addo - School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaTajudeen Adesanmi Adebisi - Department of Microbiology, Ladoke Akintola University, Osogbo, NigeriaBabatope Oluwadamilare Adebiyi - University of CalgaryKamoru Ademola Adedokun - Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterVictor Adekanmbi - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USAOlumide Thomas Adeleke - Bowen UniversityAdekola George Adepoju - Indiana University IndianapolisMiracle Ayomikun Adesina - Slum and Rural Health Initiative Research Academy, Slum and Rural Health Initiative, Ibadan, NigeriaPrince Owusu Adoma - University of Education, WinnebaObed Adonteng-Kissi - Edith Cowan UniversityClifford Afoakwah - Queensland University of TechnologyAanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi - Memphis Center For Reproductive HealthEbenezer Afrifa-Yamoah - Edith Cowan UniversityAiman P Afsar - Mayo ClinicMahnaz Afshari - Saveh University of Medical SciencesSaira Afzal - King Edward Memorial HospitalVijay K Aggarwal - The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science CenterMahdi Aghaalikhani - Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USASalome Wumpini Agordoh - World VisionShreyash Agrawal - Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia HospitalWilliams Agyemang-Duah - Queen's UniversityAbdul Momin Rizwan Ahmad - Department of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, PakistanAqeel Ahmad - Shaqra UniversityDanish Ahmad - University of CanberraKhabir Ahmad - King Khaled Eye Specialist HospitalMuayyad M Ahmad - University of JordanSajjad Ahmad - Abasyn UniversityTauseef Ahmad - Zhejiang UniversityAli Ahmadi - Shahrekord University of Medical SciencesAli Ahmed - Department of Pharmacy Practice, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Islamabad, PakistanAyman Ahmed - University of KhartoumHaroon Ahmed - COMSATS University IslamabadMehrunnisha Sharif Ahmed - Majmaah UniversityMohamed Sherif Ali Ahmed - Mansoura University HospitalMuktar Beshir Ahmed - Flinders UniversityShabbir Ahmed - International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchDolapo Emmanuel Ajala - Bowen UniversityMarjan Ajami - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesNeda Akhoundi - Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaSalah Al Awaidy - Department of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Muscat, OmanSyed Mahfuz Al Hasan - Washington University in St. LouisMohammad Ahmmad Mahmoud Al Zoubi - School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USASami Saleh Alabdulwahab - King Saud UniversityKhurshid Alam - Murdoch UniversityMohammad Khursheed Alam - Jouf UniversityMohammed Fasihul Alam - Qatar UniversityMostafa Alam - 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EMERGENCYAbdulhakeem Binhambali - Tuskegee UniversityParia Bolourinejad - Isfahan University of Medical SciencesGuilherme Borges - Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research, Ramón De La Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, MexicoDipan Bose - Transport and Logistics Knowledge Bank, World Bank, Washington, DC, USASamuel Adolf Bosoka - Ghana Health ServiceAlejandro Botero Carvajal - Universidad Santiago de CaliSouad Bouaoud - University Ferhat Abbas of SetifSoufiane Boufous - Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaDejana Braithwaite - Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USANicholas Allan Buckley - Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaTsion Samuel Bunare - Bahir Dar UniversityFelix Busch - Technical University of MunichYasser Bustanji - University of JordanSenthilkumar C - The Apollo University, Apollo Hospital, Chittor, IndiaLuis Alberto Cámera - 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SRM Medical College Hospital and Research CentreRoland Dominic G Jamora - University of the Philippines ManilaBalamurugan Janakiraman - SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyRajiv Janardhanan - SRISaad Javed - Nationwide Children's HospitalTalha Jawaid - Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic UniversitySathish Kumar Jayapal - The Medical City for Military and Security Services School, Muscat, OmanRuwan Duminda Jayasinghe - University of PeradeniyaAchala Upendra Jayatilleke - University of ColomboSeogsong Jeong - University of SeoulBijay Mukesh Jeswani - Johns Hopkins UniversityRavi Prakash Jha - Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital, Delhi, IndiaJoseph Johnson - University of Alabama at BirminghamJost B Jonas - Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, FranceTamas Joo - Semmelweis UniversityAkaninyene Paul Joseph - UNSW CanberraNitin Joseph - Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, IndiaBhawana Joshi - Faculty of Applied & Basic Sciences, SGT University of Medical Sciences, Gurugram, IndiaKrupal Joshi - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, RajkotCharity Ehimwenma Joshua - Department of Economics, National Open University, Benin City, NigeriaThenmozhi K - RV UniversityZubair Kabir - University College CorkDler Hussein Kadir - Salahaddin University-ErbilBashir Kaka - Baylor UniversityAshish Kumar Kakkar - Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchLeila R Kalankesh - Tabriz University of Medical SciencesKhalil Kalavani - Department of Health, Khoy Medical Sciences, Khoy, IranRajesh Kamath - Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, IndiaRamat T Kamorudeen - Elderwood Rehabilitation Clinical Centre, Buffalo, NY, USAJiseung Kang - University of SeoulKehinde Kazeem Kanmodi - Cephas Health Research InitiativeRami S Kantar - The Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, New York University, New York, NY, USANeeti Kapoor - Institute of Forensic ScienceSunil Kumar Kar - Utkal UniversityMehrdad Karajizadeh - Shiraz University of Medical SciencesIbraheem M Karaye - Hofstra UniversityArman Karimi Behnagh - Iran University of Medical SciencesSamad Karkhah - Guilan University of Medical SciencesMohmed Isaqali Karobari - Saveetha UniversityFaizan Zaffar Kashoo - Majmaah UniversityNehemia I Kassa - Department of Surgery, MyungSung Medical College, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaJoonas H Kauppila - University of OuluNeda Kaydi - Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesPeter Njenga Keiyoro - University of NairobiYousef Saleh Khader - Jordan University of Science and TechnologyMorteza Abdullatif Khafaie - Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAjmal Khan - University of NizwaHayat Ahmad Khan - Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaIqra Hamid Khan - University of LahoreMaseer Khan - Jazan UniversityMd Abdullah Saeed Khan - Department of Community Medicine, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, BangladeshMuhammad Arslan Khan - Minhaj University LahoreSerab Khan - International Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesSumaiya Khan - Jamia Millia IslamiaUzma Rahim Khan - Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanYusuf Saleem Khan - University of Ha'ilZahid Khan - University of South WalesSrijana Khanal - Tribhuvan UniversitySameer Uttamaro Khasbage - All India Institute of Medical Sciences RaipurHaitham Khatatbeh - Yarmouk UniversityMoawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh - Yarmouk UniversityKavin Khatri - Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Sangrur, IndiaHamid Reza Khayat Kashani - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesAfshin Khazaei - Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, IranKhalid A Kheirallah - Jordan University of Science and TechnologyDaniel Kheradmand - Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMehdi Khezeli - Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesMilad Khorasani - Neyshabur University of Medical SciencesSamira Khoshvaght - Duy Tan UniversityJagdish Khubchandani - New Mexico State UniversityP Ratan Khuman - Charotar University of Science and TechnologyYun Jin Kim - United Arab Emirates UniversityAdnan Kisa - Høyskolen KristianiaMarta A Kisiel - Uppsala University HospitalAbdul Basith KM - Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchShivakumar KM - Department of Public Health Dentistry, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Karad, IndiaPrakash Babu Kodali - Central University of KeralaAli-Asghar Kolahi - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesFarzad Kompani - Tehran University of Medical SciencesHamid Reza Koohestani - Saveh University of Medical SciencesWolyu Erkano Korma - College of Medicine and Health Science, Werabe University, Werabe, EthiopiaTapos Kormoker - Education University of Hong KongAyan Hussien Korse - Amoud UniversityArthi S Kozhumam - Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USAKewal Krishan - Panjab UniversityVarun Krishna - Pondicherry UniversityBurcu Kucuk Bicer - Gazi UniversityMohammed Kuddus - University of Ha'ilMukhtar Kulimbet - Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityEmmanuel Kumah - University of Education, WinnebaChandan Kumar - Amity UniversityDewesh Kumar - Rajendra Institute of Medical SciencesKamal Kumar - Department of Mathematics, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, IndiaNithin Kumar - Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, IndiaPawan Kumar - Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchPradeep Kumar - University of the WitwatersrandPrakash Kumar - Monitoring & Evaluation, IGP Health Initiatives Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, IndiaRadha Kumar - SRIRakesh Kumar - University of Ha'ilSandeep Kumar - Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary UniversitySumit Kumar - Central University of HaryanaTushar Kumar - Rajendra Institute of Medical SciencesOm P Kurmi - University of LincolnAsep Kusnali - National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, IndonesiaDian Kusuma - Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyJohn Paul Kuwornu - Queensland University of TechnologyVille Kytö - Turku University HospitalPallavi L C - Kasturba Medical College, ManipalCarlo La Vecchia - University of MilanMuhammad Awwal Ladan - Bayero University KanoLucie Laflamme - Karolinska InstitutetChandrakant Lahariya - Synthesis Corporation (Japan)Timo Lajunen - University of HelsinkiBalzhan Lakanova - Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityTri Laksono - Universitas 'Aisyiyah YogyakartaTamás Lantos - University of SzegedSavita Lasrado - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, IndiaMahrukh Latif - University of LahorePaolo Lauriola - International Society of Doctors for the Environment, Arezzo, ItalyCaterina Ledda - University of CataniaKa Yiu Lee - Oxford Brookes UniversityMunjae Lee - Yonsei UniversitySeung Won Lee - Sungkyunkwan UniversityWei-Chen Lee - Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USAYo Han Lee - University of SeoulJa-Ho Leigh - Seoul National University HospitalVasileios Leivaditis - Westpfalz KlinikumDawit Alemu Lemma - Wachemo UniversityMing-Chieh Li - National Taiwan Normal UniversityXiaopan Li - Fudan UniversityYan Li - Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityZhengrui Li - Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityAmbreen Liaqat - Shaqra UniversityXuefeng Liu - Cleveland ClinicJosé Francisco López-Gil - Universidad Espíritu SantoPlaton D Lopukhov - Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, RussiaSurbala Devi Lourembam - Charotar University of Science and TechnologyAbhilash Ludhiadch - All India Institute of Medical SciencesAngelina M Lutambi - Dodoma Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research in Tanzania, Dodoma, TanzaniaMiltiadis D Lytras - Effat UniversityEllina Lytvyak - University of AlbertaZheng Feei Ma - University of the West of EnglandMonika Machoy-Rakoczy - Pomeranian Medical UniversityFiroozeh Madadi - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesAhmed A Madfa - University of Ha'ilHassan Magdy Abd El Razek - Mansoura UniversityMohammed Magdy Abd El Razek - Soliman Fakeeh HospitalSasikumar Mahalingam - EMERGENCYSamatar Abshir Mahamed - Jigjiga UniversityPreeti Maharjan - Monash UniversityNozad Hussein Mahmood - Research Center, Cihan University-Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah, IraqAzeem Majeed - Imperial College LondonMostafa Majidnia - Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesIgor Lima Maldonado - Université de ToursDeborah Carvalho Malta - Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilLokesh Manjani - MedStar HealthRamon Martinez-Piedra - World Health Organization Regional Office for the AmericasJ Jenifer Florence Mary - SRIRoy Rillera Marzo - Faculty of Humanities and Health Sciences, Curtin University, Sarawak, MalaysiaSammer Marzouk - Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USASharareh Massahi - University of OklahomaYasith Mathangasinghe - Monash UniversityNeeta Mathur - Department of Community Medicine, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, IndiaKhurshid A Mattoo - Jazan UniversitySteven M McPhail - Queensland University of TechnologyTesfahun Mekene Meto - Arba Minch UniversityAgezegn Asegid Mekonnen - Wachemo UniversityTesfaye Hambisa Mekonnen - Monash UniversityTadesse Belayneh Melkie - University of GondarOsires de Medeiros Melo Neto - Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, BrazilWalter Mendoza - Universidad Científica del SurGodfred Antony Menezes - Saint Vincent Health SystemRitesh G Menezes - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityEmiru Ayalew Mengistie - Bahir Dar UniversityAnusha Sultan Meo - NUST School of Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, PakistanTuomo J Meretoja - Helsinki University HospitalTomislav Mestrovic - University of WashingtonChamila Dinushi Kukulege Mettananda - University of KelaniyaSachith Mettananda - University of KelaniyaMohamed M M Metwally - Zagazig UniversityBartosz Miazgowski - Pomeranian Medical UniversityTed R Miller - Michigan State UniversityGiuseppe Minervini - University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"Long Chiau Ming - Sunway UniversityPrasanna Mithra - Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, IndiaChaitanya Mittal - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PatnaDhruti Modi - Charotar University of Science and TechnologyLia Solomon Mogus - George Washington UniversityMona Gamal Mohamed - RAK College of Nursing, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab EmiratesNouh Saad Mohamed - SiriusKhabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed - University of KhartoumTaj Mohammad - All India Institute of Medical SciencesMokhtar Mohammadi - Lebanese French UniversityAbdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani - Shahrekord University of Medical SciencesShafiu Mohammed - Ahmadu Bello UniversityMohammad Mohseni - Iran University of Medical SciencesAli H Mokdad - University of WashingtonMohammad Ali Moni - Charles Sturt UniversityJulio Cesar Montañez - National Health Research InstitutesMarie Chantel Montás - Harvard UniversityRafael Silveira Moreira - Department of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, BrazilDimitrios Moris - Georgetown UniversityMahdis Morovvati - Tehran University of Medical SciencesShane Douglas Morrison - University of Washington Medical CenterMahmoud M Morsy - American Society for Inclusion, Diversity, and Equity in Healthcare (ASIDE)Md Shihab Mostafa - Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologyRohith Motappa - Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, IndiaKimia Mozahheb Yousefi - Iran University of Medical SciencesSumaira Mubarik - University of GroningenShiv Kumar Mudgal - Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical SciencesJibran Sualeh Muhammad - University of BirminghamMubarak Muhammad - Tishk International UniversitySumoni Mukherjee - Knowledge Management Department, Prahlad Omkarwati Foundation (POF), Mumbai, IndiaFrancesk Mulita - General University Hospital of PatrasMalaisamy Muniyandi - Department of Health Economics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, IndiaEfren Murillo-Zamora - Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Villa de Alvarez, MexicoSatta Muthu Murugan - SRIBalaganapathy Muruganantham - Sigma UniversityAbdisalam Hassan Muse - Amoud UniversityDavid Musoke - Makerere UniversitySathish Muthu - Orthopaedic Research GroupAyoub Nafei - Elderly Health Research CenterGanesh R Naik - Flinders UniversityGopal Nambi - Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityVinay Nangia - Suraj Eye InstituteShumaila Nargus - University of LahoreAbdulqadir J Nashwan - Hamad Medical CorporationMahmoud Nassar - University of VermontZuhair S Natto - King Abdulaziz UniversityJavaid Nauman - United Arab Emirates UniversityZakira Naureen - University of NizwaSamidi Nirasha Kumari Navaratna - University of PeradeniyaBiswa Prakash Nayak - Amity UniversityKinjal Nayak - Kent State UniversityIffat Nayila - University of LahoreJavad Nazari - Arak University of Medical SciencesG Takop Nchanji - TroDDIVaT Initiative, Frontline Association, Buea, CameroonNini Asfaw Negash - University of GondarIonut Negoi - Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacySamata Nepal - Lumbini Medical CollegeCuong Tat Nguyen - Duy Tan UniversityHien Thu Nguyen - Duy Tan UniversityTrang Nguyen - VNU University of Medicine and PharmacyTaxiarchis Konstantinos Nikolouzakis - University Hospital of HeraklionAli Nikoobar - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesPeishan Ning - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDina Nur Anggraini Ningrum - Public Health Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang (State University of Semarang), Kota Semarang, IndonesiaVikram Niranjan - University of LimerickRichmond Nketia - University of GlasgowShuhei Nomura - Tohoku UniversityChisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi - Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityJean Claude Nshimiyimana - Euclid UniversityChimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam - Center of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation (CERHI), University of Benin, Benin City, NigeriaOgochukwu Janet Nzoputam - Department of Physiology, University of Benin, Edo, NigeriaBogdan Oancea - University of BucharestKwabena Obiri - Yeboah - Johns Hopkins UniversityFabio Massimo Oddi - Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, ItalyIsmail A Odetokun - University of IlorinFelix Akpojene Ogbo - Western Sydney UniversityAbiola Ogunkoya - University of IbadanOlusegun Olatunji Ojedoyin - University of KwaZulu-NatalHassan Okati-Aliabad - Zahedan University of Medical SciencesOsaretin Christabel Okonji - University of the Western CapeOluwaseyi Isaiah Olabisi - Bowen UniversityAndrew T Olagunju - McMaster UniversityAbdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba - Ahmadu Bello UniversityOluseye Olalekan Oludoye - Teesside UniversityAhmed Omar Bali - Duy Tan UniversityGoran Latif Omer - University of SulaimaniMichal Ordak - Medical University of Bialystok (Poland, Bialystok)Hans Orru - University of TartuEsteban Ortiz-Prado - One Health Research Group, Universidad De Las Américas, Quito, EcuadorAugustus Osborne - Department of Biological Sciences, Njala University, Freetown, Sierra LeoneAlaa Oteir - Jordan University of Science and TechnologyAdrian Otoiu - Bucharest University of Economic StudiesAmel Ouyahia - University Ferhat Abbas of SetifMayowa O Owolabi - University of IbadanTope Oyelade - Division of Medicine, University College London, London, EnglandMahesh P A - SRIKevin Pacheco-Barrios - Harvard UniversityJagadish Rao Padubidri - Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, IndiaAshok Pandey - Nepal Health Research CouncilSanjib Raj Pandey - Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustSeithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal - Chandigarh UniversityGeorgios D Panos - University of NottinghamIlias Papadimopoulos - University of BolognaEvangelos Pappas - School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaShahina Pardhan - Anglia Ruskin UniversityChulwoo Park - University of Maryland, Baltimore CountyEun-Cheol Park - Yonsei UniversityPragnesh Parmar - All India Institute of Medical SciencesAva Pashaei - University of British ColumbiaMaja Pasovic - University of WashingtonRoberto Passera - Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, ItalyBhargav Umeshchandra Patel - Charotar University of Science and TechnologyHemal M Patel - Charotar University of Science and TechnologyKunal Nitinkumar Patel - University of Kansas Medical CenterNiki Rut Patel - Charotar University of Science and TechnologySangram Kishor Patel - Population Council InstituteVipin Patidar - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, DeogharShankargouda Patil - Roseman University of Health SciencesMohamed Anas Patni - Department of Community Medicine, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab EmiratesDimitrios Patoulias - Aristotle University of ThessalonikiUttam Paudel - Nepal Health Research CouncilShrikant Pawar - University of New HavenHamidreza Pazoki Toroudi - Iran University of Medical SciencesArun Mitra Peddireddy - All India Institute of Medical SciencesAmy E Peden - School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, AustraliaJarmila Pekarcikova - University of TrnavaVeincent Christian Filipino Pepito - Ateneo de Manila UniversityPrince Peprah - Macquarie UniversityDaniela A Perez-Chadid - Fellowship, The G4 Alliance, Chicago, IL, USASimone Perna - University of MilanAnil K Philip - University of NizwaJulian David Pillay - Durban University of TechnologyMapa M Prabhath N Piyasena - Anglia Ruskin UniversityShiny PJ - SRM Medical College Hospital and Research CentreEvgenii Plotnikov - Tomsk National Research Medical CenterRoman V Polibin - Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, RussiaReza Pourbabaki - Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, IranFarzad Pourghazi - Mayo ClinicMohsen Poursadeqiyan - Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, IranNaeimeh Pourtaheri - Bam University of Medical SciencesSergio I Prada - Fundación Valle del LiliHarsh Priya - All India Institute of Medical SciencesMuhammad Usman Qamar - Government College University, FaisalabadXiang Qi - Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USAMohammad Qodrati - Tehran University of Medical SciencesNuzul Qur'aniati - Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaBasuki Rachmat - Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, IndonesiaVenkatraman Radhakrishnan - Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), Chennai, IndiaAmir Rafe - Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USAIbrar Rafique - Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institutes of Health, Islamabad, PakistanYashpal Singh Raghav - Jazan UniversityPracheth Raghuveer - National Institute of Mental Health and NeurosciencesSajjad Rahimi - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, IranVafa Rahimi-Movaghar - Tehran University of Medical SciencesFirman Suryadi Rahman - Department of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, IndonesiaFryad Majeed Rahman - College of Health Sciences, Cihan University-Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah, IraqMohammad Hifz Ur Rahman - College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar, OmanMosiur Rahman - University of RajshahiMuhammad Aziz Rahman - Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, AustraliaAmir Masoud Rahmani - National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyAmita Rai - Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, IndiaPramila Rai - Monash UniversitySunil Kumar Raina - Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical CollegeJudah Rajendran - Cleveland ClinicShaman Rajindrajith - University of ColomboPushp Lata Rajpoot - Jazan UniversityMahmoud Mohammed Ramadan - Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesMajed Ramadan - King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesKadar Ramadhan - Department of Midwifery, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Palu, IndonesiaShakthi Kumaran Ramasamy - Stanford UniversityBalaji Ramraj - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, IndiaLokesh Rana - All India Institute of Medical SciencesNemanja Rancic - Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, SerbiaAsad Gul Rao - Stanford UniversityKumuda Rao - Nitte UniversityMithun Rao - Kasturba Medical College, MangaloreSowmya J Rao - Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimogga, IndiaPrateek Rastogi - Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, IndiaDevarajan Rathish - Rajarata University of Sri LankaRashita Ravi - Department of Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Ernakulam, IndiaSalman Rawaf - Imperial College LondonKarthik Rayapureddi - Internal Medicine Department, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, IndiaAteeq Rehman - Saveetha UniversityRainer Reile - Department for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, EstoniaMina Rezaei - School of Environment, Tehran University, Tehran, IranNazila Rezaei - Tehran University of Medical SciencesMohsen Rezaeian - Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesMoattar Raza Rizvi - Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Santosh (Deemed to Be University), Delhi, IndiaJefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, ColombiaLeonardo Roever - Universidade de São PauloRavi Rohilla - Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Chandigarh, IndiaChanapong Rojanaworarit - Hofstra UniversityMoustaq Karim Khan Rony - Miyan Research Institute, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, BangladeshHimanshu Sekhar Rout - Utkal UniversityBedanta Roy - Quest International University PerakPolani Rubeshkumar - Public Health WalesDevarajulu Reddy S - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, IndiaManjula S - JSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchAly M A Saad - Zagazig UniversitySiamak Sabour - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesFatemeh Sadeghi-Ghyassi - Tabriz University of Medical SciencesMohammad Reza Saeb - University of GdańskMohd Saeed - University of Ha'ilUmar Saeed - Széchenyi István UniversityMehdi Safari - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesSher Zaman Safi - Mahsa UniversityAmene Saghazadeh - Tehran University of Medical SciencesFatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari - Sharjah Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesNarjes Saheb Sharif-Askari - Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesAmirhossein Sahebkar - Mashhad University of Medical SciencesVaibhav Sahni - All India Institute of Medical SciencesDurgesh Prasad Sahoo - All India Institute of Medical Sciences BibinagarZahra Saif - Department of Psychiatry, Ministry of Health, Manama, BahrainMorteza Saki - Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesJoseph W Sakshaug - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenPayman Salamati - Tehran University of Medical SciencesAfeez Abolarinwa Salami - Cephas Health Research InitiativeSamreen Saleem - Department of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, PakistanSohrab Salimi - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesJayami Eshana Samaranayake - University of ColomboYoseph Leonardo Samodra - National Taiwan UniversityVijaya Paul Samuel - Ras al-Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences UniversityFasineh Shekuba Samura - Entomology VectorLink, Njala University, Freetown, Sierra LeoneAbdallah M Samy - Ain Shams UniversityRama Krishna Sanjeev - SRM Medical College Hospital and Research CentreMilena M Santric-Milicevic - University of BelgradeAswini Saravanan - All India Institute of Medical Sciences JodhpurYaser Sarikhani - Jahrom University of Medical SciencesMohammad Sarmadi - Queensland University of TechnologySachin C Sarode - Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, PuneMichele Sassano - University of BolognaMukesh Kumar Sathya Narayanan - Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, IndiaMaheswar Satpathy - Utkal UniversityJennifer Saulam - Department of Food Processing and Nutrition, Karnataka State Akkamahadevi Women University, Vijayapura, IndiaGanesh Kumar Saya - Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IndiaChristophe Schinckus - Universidad ESAN, Universidad ESAN, Lima, PeruDavid C Schwebel - University of IowaJohn W Scott - University of WashingtonHamidreza Seifmanesh - Tehran University of Medical SciencesSiddharthan Selvaraj - University of PuthisastraMohammad H Semreen - College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesSubramanian Senthilkumaran - EMERGENCYFrancesco Sessa - Department of Psychology and Health Sciences Faculty of Human Sciences, Education, and Sports, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, ItalyYashendra Sethi - Swami Vivekanand Subharti UniversityAhmed Nabil Shaaban - Karolinska InstitutetShipraa Arpan Shah - Charotar University of Science and TechnologySweni Shah - Rita A. Patel Institute of Physiotherapy, The Charutar Vidya Mandal(CVM) University, Anand, IndiaShazlin Shaharudin - Universiti Sains MalaysiaAmira A Shaheen - An-Najah National UniversitySamiah Shahid - University of LahoreMoyad Jamal Shahwan - Ajman UniversityMasood Ali Shaikh - Independent Consultant, Karachi, PakistanMuhammad Aaqib Shamim - All India Institute of Medical Sciences JodhpurAmir Hossein Shams - Shiraz University of Medical SciencesMehran Shams-Beyranvand - Alborz University of Medical SciencesAlfiya Shamsutdinova - Kazakh National Medical UniversityDan Shan - Lancaster University, Lancaster, EnglandMohd Shanawaz - Jazan UniversityAmin Sharifan - Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, AustriaJavad Sharifi Rad - Universidad Espíritu SantoProf. Fariborz Sharifian Jazi - University of GeorgiaBhoopesh Kumar Sharma - Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary UniversityBunty Sharma - Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, IndiaJyoti Sharma - Department of Physiotherapy, Galgotas University, Greater Noida, IndiaManoj Sharma - University of Nevada, Las VegasRavi Kumar Sharma - Chandigarh UniversitySaurab Sharma - Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, IndiaVishal Sharma - Panjab UniversityBereket Beyene Shashamo - Arba Minch UniversityShamee Shastry - Kasturba Medical College, ManipalRamzi Shawahna - An-Najah National UniversitySamrawit Shawel - Haramaya UniversityMaryam Shayan - Harvard UniversityAli Sheidaei - Non-Communicable Diseases Research CenterNishat Ahmed Sheikh - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, DeogharRahim Ali Sheikhi - Shahrekord University of Medical SciencesJiabin Shen - University of Massachusetts LowellSamendra P Sherchan - Morgan State UniversityMahabalesh Shetty - Rajiv Gandhi University of Health SciencesPavanchand Shetty - Nitte UniversityPremalatha K Shetty - Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, IndiaSuraj S Shetty - Nitte UniversityAminu Shittu - Usmanu Danfodiyo UniversityNathan A Shlobin - Columbia University Irving Medical CenterSina Shool - Tehran University of Medical SciencesSeyed Afshin Shorofi - Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesKerem Shuval - Kenneth H. Cooper Institute, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, USAMd. Kaoser Bin Siddique - TMSS Nursing College, Bogura, TMSS Grand Health Sector, Bogura, Bangladesh, Bogura, BangladeshGustavo Correia Basto da Silva - Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilPadam Prasad Simkhada - University of ChesterAkanksha Singh - Amity UniversityHarmanjit Singh - Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, IndiaParamdeep Singh - All India Institute of Medical SciencesPoornima Suryanath Singh - Amity UniversitySurendra Singh - Department of Community Medicine, Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Institute of Medical Science and Research, Srinagar Garhwal, IndiaSurjit Singh - All India Institute of Medical Sciences JodhpurNatia Skhvitaridze - University of GeorgiaValentin Yurievich Skryabin - Royal College of PsychiatristsBogdan Socea - Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyMd Salman Sohel - Daffodil International UniversitySolikhah Solikhah - Universitas Ahmad DahlanYizhe Song - Washington University in St. LouisLokasani Vijaya Sree - Department of Health, A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad, IndiaVignes Anand Srinivasalu - Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, IndiaMuhammad Haroon Stanikzai - Kandahar UniversityPaschalis Steiropoulos - Democritus University of ThraceSebastian Straube - University of AlbertaChen-Yang Su - McGill UniversityOmer Subasi - Massachusetts General HospitalVetriselvan Subramaniyan - Sunway UniversityAgus Sudaryanto - Muhammadiyah University of SurakartaNathan Suga - Department of Medicine, MyungSung Medical College, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaThitiporn Sukaew - Praboromarajchanok Institute Ministry of Public HealthSurajo Kamilu Sulaiman - Tishk International UniversityMark J M Sullman - University of NicosiaJing Sun - University of Technology SydneySuraj Sundaragiri - Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health SciencesKatharina S Sunnerhagen - University of GothenburgChandan Kumar Swain - Utkal UniversityLukasz Szarpak - John Paul II Catholic University of LublinSree Sudha T Y - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, DeogharRafael Tabarés-Seisdedos - Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainSeyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei - Mashhad University of Medical SciencesCeline Tabche - Imperial College LondonRamin Tabibi - Abadan University of Medical SciencesMoslem Taheri Soodejani - Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, IranIman M Talaat - University of SharjahMircea Tampa - Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyIngan Ukur Tarigan - National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, IndonesiaMengistie Kassahun Tariku - Debre Markos UniversityAnika Tasnim - Bangladesh Medical UniversityAigul Yelgondiyevna Tazhiyeva - Kazakh National Medical UniversityNebyu Lakew Tefera - Jimma UniversityEmre Tel - Trakya UniversityGebremaryam Temesgen - Arba Minch UniversityMohamad-Hani Temsah - King Saud UniversityReem Temsah - Alfaisal UniversityAzimeraw Arega Tesfu - Bahir Dar UniversityEnoch Teye-Kwadjo - 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University of ColomboFaustine Williams - Independent Investigator, Washington, DC, USAAndrew Awuah Wireko - Research Organisation, Inter-Continental Omni-Research in Medicine Collaborative, Berlin, GermanyWanqing Xie - Anhui Medical UniversityPatlolla Sriram Yadav - School of Public Health Sciences and Technology, Malla Reddy Vishwavidyapeeth, Hyderabad, Telangana, IndiaVikas Yadav - Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, IndiaMusa Yahaya - University of Wisconsin–MilwaukeeSaba Yahoo - Department of Community Medicine, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, IndiaEesha Yaqoob - Public Health Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, PakistanSanni Yaya - The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, EnglandPengpeng Ye - National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and PreventionAli Cem Yekdeş - Trakya UniversitySiyan Yi - Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeArzu Yiğit - Süleyman Demirel ÜniversitesiVahit Yiğit - Süleyman Demirel ÜniversitesiS Yogeshkumar - KLE Academy of Higher Education and ResearchDong Keon Yon - Kyung Hee UniversityNaohiro Yonemoto - University of ToyamaMustafa Younis - Jackson State UniversityYong Yu - Hubei University of MedicineSiddhesh Zadey - Association for Socially Applicable ResearchMubashir Zafar - University of Ha'ilEmilia Zainal Abidin - Universiti Putra MalaysiaDilmurat Zairov - Kazakhstan-Russian Medical UniversityAurora Zanghì - University of FoggiaIman Zare - Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies, Shiraz, IranMichael Zastrozhin - University of California, San FranciscoSaad Zbiri - Mohammed VI International School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS), Casablanca, MoroccoMohammed G M Zeariya - University of Ha'ilHaijun Zhang - Johns Hopkins UniversityYunquan Zhang - Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyZhi-Jiang Zhang - Wuhan UniversityClaire Chenwen Zhong - Chinese University of Hong KongHao Zhou - Zhejiang UniversityAbzal Zhumagaliuly - Kazakh National Medical UniversityYossef Teshome Zikarg - Addis Ababa UniversitySa'ed H Zyoud - An-Najah National UniversityShaher H Zyoud - Palestine Technical University - KadoorieChristopher J L Murray - University of WashingtonSimon I Hay - University of WashingtonMarie Ng - National University of SingaporeKanyin Liane Ong - University of WashingtonGBD 2023 Road Injuries Collaborators
- Publication Details
- The Lancet. Public health, v 11(9), pp e589-e603
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Number of pages
- 15
- Grant note
- Gates Foundation
Gates Foundation.
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- College of Medicine
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001879307100001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-105045216696
- Other Identifier
- 991022209245004721